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<p>This work aims to provide a thorough investigation into the synthesis and characterization of DDTC derived—Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>: SnS<sub>2</sub>: Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub> metal sulphide composite. Diethyl dithio-carbamate (DDTC) was employed in this fabrication process in a single source precursor technique. Internal composition, surface appearance and light dependent characteristics of the materials had been examined using a variety of analytical techniques in order to provide insights into its qualities. There was a well-defined crystalline assembly that had 80.4% crystallinity and size of crystalline particle is 9.4&#xa0;nm, observed by applying XRD technique. SEM described a jumble of grouped morphological particles in DDTC derived—Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>: SnS<sub>2</sub>: Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub> metal sulphide heterostructure. In order to ascertain the nanomaterial’s low bandgap energy of 2.68&#xa0;eV, optical characteristics were assessed by using UV-visible spectroscopy. FTIR data confirmed effective metal-sulphide bonding making it good electro-active substance. Electrochemical analysis using voltammetric measurements in three electrodes assembly with 1&#xa0;M KOH as electrolyte, demonstrated very good performance of these ternary metal chalcogenides materials with high current density at electrodes in LSV. It showed remarkable specific capacitance of 232F/g in CV data, effective specific power density of 1473W/kg in GCD data and low series resistance of <i>R</i>s = 0.76 Ω in EIS analysis. The DDTC derived—Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>: SnS<sub>2</sub>: Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub> metal sulphide composite. coated Ni-foam electrode generated an OER over-potential of 121&#xa0;mV along with a matching Tafel slope of 94.5 mVdec<sup>−1</sup> by electro-catalyzed water splitting. In contrast, the electrode’s HER activity showed a Tafel slope of 44.7 mVdec<sup>−1</sup> and an over-potential of 106&#xa0;mV<b>.</b> These characteristics characterize the very efficient electro-catalytic behavior of DDTC derived metal sulphide Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>: SnS<sub>2</sub>: Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub> material decorated Ni-foam electrode in water splitting to produce sustainable H<sub>2</sub> energy. These results advocated excellent electrochemical nature of metal sulphide useful for electrochemical and opto-electronic devices like supercapacitor and electro-catalytic system.</p>

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DDTC-Derived Sb2S3: SnS2: Ni3S2, Metal Sulphide Composite as Bi-functional Material for Supercapacitive Energy Storage and Eco-friendly H2 Generation via Water Splitting

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月13日

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  • Muhammad Ijaz,
  • Khurram Shahzad Ahmad,
  • Faisal Nawaz,
  • Amal Baqais,
  • Manal Alruwaili,
  • Mansour Alhabradi,
  • Ram K. Gupta,
  • Bhumikaben Makawana

摘要

This work aims to provide a thorough investigation into the synthesis and characterization of DDTC derived—Sb2S3: SnS2: Ni3S2 metal sulphide composite. Diethyl dithio-carbamate (DDTC) was employed in this fabrication process in a single source precursor technique. Internal composition, surface appearance and light dependent characteristics of the materials had been examined using a variety of analytical techniques in order to provide insights into its qualities. There was a well-defined crystalline assembly that had 80.4% crystallinity and size of crystalline particle is 9.4 nm, observed by applying XRD technique. SEM described a jumble of grouped morphological particles in DDTC derived—Sb2S3: SnS2: Ni3S2 metal sulphide heterostructure. In order to ascertain the nanomaterial’s low bandgap energy of 2.68 eV, optical characteristics were assessed by using UV-visible spectroscopy. FTIR data confirmed effective metal-sulphide bonding making it good electro-active substance. Electrochemical analysis using voltammetric measurements in three electrodes assembly with 1 M KOH as electrolyte, demonstrated very good performance of these ternary metal chalcogenides materials with high current density at electrodes in LSV. It showed remarkable specific capacitance of 232F/g in CV data, effective specific power density of 1473W/kg in GCD data and low series resistance of Rs = 0.76 Ω in EIS analysis. The DDTC derived—Sb2S3: SnS2: Ni3S2 metal sulphide composite. coated Ni-foam electrode generated an OER over-potential of 121 mV along with a matching Tafel slope of 94.5 mVdec−1 by electro-catalyzed water splitting. In contrast, the electrode’s HER activity showed a Tafel slope of 44.7 mVdec−1 and an over-potential of 106 mV. These characteristics characterize the very efficient electro-catalytic behavior of DDTC derived metal sulphide Sb2S3: SnS2: Ni3S2 material decorated Ni-foam electrode in water splitting to produce sustainable H2 energy. These results advocated excellent electrochemical nature of metal sulphide useful for electrochemical and opto-electronic devices like supercapacitor and electro-catalytic system.