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<p>An environmentally friendly method was employed to synthesize Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Ag/ZnO nanoparticles using <i>Piper chaba</i> (<i>P. chaba</i>) extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by using XRD, TEM-EDAX, UV-visible, and FT-IR analyses, confirming their structural and morphological properties with an average size of 48.88 ± 2.43&#xa0;nm. The nanoparticles exhibited notable antioxidant activity, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 25.13 ± 0.41&#xa0;µg/mL (DPPH) and 28.49 ± 0.98&#xa0;µg/mL (phosphomolybdate assay). Significant in vitro antidiabetic activity was observed through inhibition of α-amylase (IC<sub>50</sub> = 25.53 ± 0.23&#xa0;µg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC<sub>50</sub> = 17.25 ± 0.57&#xa0;µg/mL). Acute toxicity studies indicated no adverse effects up to 2500&#xa0;mg/kg, confirming the biocompatibility of both the extract and nanoparticles. In vivo evaluation by using streptozotocin-induced diabetic Swiss albino mice demonstrated a substantial reduction in the blood glucose levels. The nanoparticle formulation showed superior efficacy at a lower dose (10&#xa0;mg/kg) compared to the plant extract (400&#xa0;mg/kg). Additionally, treatment improved lipid profiles and restored pancreatic and renal histoarchitecture. These findings suggest that green-synthesized Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Ag/ZnO nanoparticles hold significant potential for managing the diabetes and related metabolic disorders.</p>

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Green-Synthesized Fe3O4/Ag/ZnO Trimetallic Nanoparticles: Physicochemical Characterization, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities, Histopathological and Serum Biochemical Evaluation, and Acute Toxicity Assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Vibha Joshi,
  • Sakthivel Kogularasu,
  • Pankaj Pant,
  • Hsin-Chieh Kung,
  • Chien-Hsing Wu,
  • Mei-Jou Lu,
  • Manisha Duseja,
  • Havagiray Chitme,
  • Nishesh Sharma,
  • Vishwajeet Bachhar

摘要

An environmentally friendly method was employed to synthesize Fe3O4/Ag/ZnO nanoparticles using Piper chaba (P. chaba) extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by using XRD, TEM-EDAX, UV-visible, and FT-IR analyses, confirming their structural and morphological properties with an average size of 48.88 ± 2.43 nm. The nanoparticles exhibited notable antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 25.13 ± 0.41 µg/mL (DPPH) and 28.49 ± 0.98 µg/mL (phosphomolybdate assay). Significant in vitro antidiabetic activity was observed through inhibition of α-amylase (IC50 = 25.53 ± 0.23 µg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 17.25 ± 0.57 µg/mL). Acute toxicity studies indicated no adverse effects up to 2500 mg/kg, confirming the biocompatibility of both the extract and nanoparticles. In vivo evaluation by using streptozotocin-induced diabetic Swiss albino mice demonstrated a substantial reduction in the blood glucose levels. The nanoparticle formulation showed superior efficacy at a lower dose (10 mg/kg) compared to the plant extract (400 mg/kg). Additionally, treatment improved lipid profiles and restored pancreatic and renal histoarchitecture. These findings suggest that green-synthesized Fe3O4/Ag/ZnO nanoparticles hold significant potential for managing the diabetes and related metabolic disorders.