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<p>Developing sustainable electrode materials is an attractive research field in electrochemical energy storage systems. In this work, bio-derived hybrid nanocomposites based on Titania–polypyrrole integrated with pomegranate peel hydrochar (Titania–PPyr–PPPH) and chitosan (Titania–PPyr–CS) were synthesized through an in-situ oxidative polymerization approach. The resulting composites were investigated as electroactive electrodes for supercapacitor applications. Structural characterization confirmed the formation of the hybrid composites having anatase TiO<sub>2</sub>, functional groups, and mesopores. TEM analysis revealed nanoscale oxide particles dispersed within the polymer matrices. XPS survey spectra affirmed the existence of Ti, O, C, and N elements in both composites with different contents. XRD patterns confirmed the preservation of the anatase Titania phase, which can indicate that polymer integration did not disrupt the oxide crystal structure. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated an enhancement in charge storage compared with individual components, including pure polypyrrole and pure Titania. The Titania–PPyr–CS electrode provides a specific capacitance of 273.17&#xa0;F/g, and Titania–PPyr–PPPH gives 45.98&#xa0;F/g. Impedance and chronoamperometric analyses revealed improved charge transfer kinetics and promising electrochemical behavior for the hybrid electrodes. The enhanced performance could be due to the synergistic interaction between Titania, polypyrrole, and bio-derived matrices. The Titania–PPyr–CS electrode exhibited superior electrochemical stability, retaining 91.8% and 81.6% of its initial capacitance after 1000 and 5000 cycles, respectively, compared with 84.3% and 75.1% for the Titania–PPyr–PPPH electrode. These results demonstrate enhanced ion-transport and improved structural durability, highlighting its potential for high-performance supercapacitor applications.</p>

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Comparative Study of Chitosan and Pomegranate Hydrochar in Titania–Polypyrrole Hybrid Nanocomposites for Electrochemical Supercapacitor Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月19日

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  • Ali Q. Alorabi,
  • Mai M. Khalaf,
  • Hany M. Abd El-Lateef,
  • Saad Shaaban,
  • Ahmed A. Alzharani,
  • Ibrahim M. A. Mohamed

摘要

Developing sustainable electrode materials is an attractive research field in electrochemical energy storage systems. In this work, bio-derived hybrid nanocomposites based on Titania–polypyrrole integrated with pomegranate peel hydrochar (Titania–PPyr–PPPH) and chitosan (Titania–PPyr–CS) were synthesized through an in-situ oxidative polymerization approach. The resulting composites were investigated as electroactive electrodes for supercapacitor applications. Structural characterization confirmed the formation of the hybrid composites having anatase TiO2, functional groups, and mesopores. TEM analysis revealed nanoscale oxide particles dispersed within the polymer matrices. XPS survey spectra affirmed the existence of Ti, O, C, and N elements in both composites with different contents. XRD patterns confirmed the preservation of the anatase Titania phase, which can indicate that polymer integration did not disrupt the oxide crystal structure. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated an enhancement in charge storage compared with individual components, including pure polypyrrole and pure Titania. The Titania–PPyr–CS electrode provides a specific capacitance of 273.17 F/g, and Titania–PPyr–PPPH gives 45.98 F/g. Impedance and chronoamperometric analyses revealed improved charge transfer kinetics and promising electrochemical behavior for the hybrid electrodes. The enhanced performance could be due to the synergistic interaction between Titania, polypyrrole, and bio-derived matrices. The Titania–PPyr–CS electrode exhibited superior electrochemical stability, retaining 91.8% and 81.6% of its initial capacitance after 1000 and 5000 cycles, respectively, compared with 84.3% and 75.1% for the Titania–PPyr–PPPH electrode. These results demonstrate enhanced ion-transport and improved structural durability, highlighting its potential for high-performance supercapacitor applications.