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<p>The rapid transition toward sustainable energy technologies has intensified the demand for multifunctional materials capable of simultaneously delivering high electrochemical performance, mechanical flexibility, environmental stability, and scalable processability. In this context, inorganic–polymer hybrid materials have emerged as promising platforms by combining the functional properties of inorganic components with the flexibility and tunable architectures of polymer matrices. Despite extensive progress, the relationships between interface design, hybridization strategies, and energy-device performance remain fragmented across the literature. This review addresses this gap by critically examining how different polymer–inorganic interfaces govern charge transport, ion migration, mechanical stability, and overall device performance across sustainable energy technologies. Particular emphasis is placed on the classification of hybrid interfaces, interfacial interactions, and structure–property relationships that underpin material functionality. Representative systems, including LLZTO–polymethacrylate solid electrolytes, polymer hetero-electrolytes for Zn/Li hybrid batteries, PANI-based flexible electrodes, MAPbI₃/PEDOT:PSS solar-cell interfaces, TiO₂-based hybrid photocatalysts, and polymer-based thermoelectric materials, are discussed to illustrate how rational interface engineering can enhance ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, carrier separation, catalytic activity, mechanical durability, and energy-conversion efficiency. The review further identifies key challenges, including interfacial degradation, filler aggregation, environmental stability, life-cycle sustainability, and the scalability of fabrication processes. Based on the literature surveyed, a central conclusion is that the nature of the polymer–inorganic interface is the primary factor controlling the performance and long-term reliability of hybrid energy systems, regardless of the specific application. Future progress will depend on precise interfacial control, sustainable manufacturing approaches, advanced characterization methods, and predictive design frameworks capable of accelerating the development of next-generation hybrid energy materials.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Inorganic–Polymer Hybrid Materials for Sustainable Energy Applications: Interface Engineering, Structure–Property Relationships, and Recent Advances

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月25日

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  • Sonia Soltani,
  • Amel Haouas,
  • Anouar Jbeli

摘要

The rapid transition toward sustainable energy technologies has intensified the demand for multifunctional materials capable of simultaneously delivering high electrochemical performance, mechanical flexibility, environmental stability, and scalable processability. In this context, inorganic–polymer hybrid materials have emerged as promising platforms by combining the functional properties of inorganic components with the flexibility and tunable architectures of polymer matrices. Despite extensive progress, the relationships between interface design, hybridization strategies, and energy-device performance remain fragmented across the literature. This review addresses this gap by critically examining how different polymer–inorganic interfaces govern charge transport, ion migration, mechanical stability, and overall device performance across sustainable energy technologies. Particular emphasis is placed on the classification of hybrid interfaces, interfacial interactions, and structure–property relationships that underpin material functionality. Representative systems, including LLZTO–polymethacrylate solid electrolytes, polymer hetero-electrolytes for Zn/Li hybrid batteries, PANI-based flexible electrodes, MAPbI₃/PEDOT:PSS solar-cell interfaces, TiO₂-based hybrid photocatalysts, and polymer-based thermoelectric materials, are discussed to illustrate how rational interface engineering can enhance ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, carrier separation, catalytic activity, mechanical durability, and energy-conversion efficiency. The review further identifies key challenges, including interfacial degradation, filler aggregation, environmental stability, life-cycle sustainability, and the scalability of fabrication processes. Based on the literature surveyed, a central conclusion is that the nature of the polymer–inorganic interface is the primary factor controlling the performance and long-term reliability of hybrid energy systems, regardless of the specific application. Future progress will depend on precise interfacial control, sustainable manufacturing approaches, advanced characterization methods, and predictive design frameworks capable of accelerating the development of next-generation hybrid energy materials.

Graphical Abstract