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<p>As environmental concerns surrounding heavy metal ion pollution intensify, the development of effective detection methods becomes crucial for safeguarding public health and the environment. Lead halide perovskites, particularly formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr₃), have emerged as promising materials for optoelectronic and sensing applications due to their exceptional photoluminescence, high quantum yield, and tunable bandgap behaviours. In this study, we investigate the use of FAPbBr₃ (Pv) crystals encapsulated in the conducting polymer Poly(3-bromothiophene) (PTBr), which increases its resistance to deterioration caused by solvents and water and greatly enhances the environmental stability. The resulting PV/PTBr composites function as a highly efficient fluorescent probe for the detection of mercury (Hg<sup>+ 2</sup>) ions selectivity sensing of Hg<sup>+ 2</sup> is important as it the risks of high toxicity and tendency for bioaccumulation. The sensing mechanism is based on the strong interaction between Hg²⁺ and Pb²⁺, which results in fluorescence quenching through ion exchange and defect formation within the Pv crystals. The Pv/PTBr composites exhibited a detection limit of 22 nM in the range of 11.67 µM to 46.69 µM, demonstrating excellent sensitivity. Furthermore, these composites display rapid response times and stability in aqueous environments and in both solution and solid states, making them an ideal candidate for real-time environmental monitoring of Hg<sup>+ 2</sup> pollution, highlighting the potential of perovskite-based sensors for the detection of heavy metals and paves the way for the development of more advanced and reliable sensing technologies for environmental protection.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p> <p>Fabrication of FAPbBr<sub>3</sub> (Pv) synthesis and Encapsulation with PTBr and Heavy metal Hg<sup>+ 2</sup> sensing.</p>

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Smart Fluorogenic Sensing of Hg+ 2 Using Poly(3-Bromothiophene) Encapsulated Lead Bromide Perovskite Composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月19日

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  • Debasis Brahma,
  • Subhenjit Hazra,
  • J. Subash,
  • D. Ramachandran,
  • Rahul Chatterjee,
  • Apurba Ghosh,
  • Abhijit Bandyopadhyay

摘要

As environmental concerns surrounding heavy metal ion pollution intensify, the development of effective detection methods becomes crucial for safeguarding public health and the environment. Lead halide perovskites, particularly formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr₃), have emerged as promising materials for optoelectronic and sensing applications due to their exceptional photoluminescence, high quantum yield, and tunable bandgap behaviours. In this study, we investigate the use of FAPbBr₃ (Pv) crystals encapsulated in the conducting polymer Poly(3-bromothiophene) (PTBr), which increases its resistance to deterioration caused by solvents and water and greatly enhances the environmental stability. The resulting PV/PTBr composites function as a highly efficient fluorescent probe for the detection of mercury (Hg+ 2) ions selectivity sensing of Hg+ 2 is important as it the risks of high toxicity and tendency for bioaccumulation. The sensing mechanism is based on the strong interaction between Hg²⁺ and Pb²⁺, which results in fluorescence quenching through ion exchange and defect formation within the Pv crystals. The Pv/PTBr composites exhibited a detection limit of 22 nM in the range of 11.67 µM to 46.69 µM, demonstrating excellent sensitivity. Furthermore, these composites display rapid response times and stability in aqueous environments and in both solution and solid states, making them an ideal candidate for real-time environmental monitoring of Hg+ 2 pollution, highlighting the potential of perovskite-based sensors for the detection of heavy metals and paves the way for the development of more advanced and reliable sensing technologies for environmental protection.

Graphical Abstract

Fabrication of FAPbBr3 (Pv) synthesis and Encapsulation with PTBr and Heavy metal Hg+ 2 sensing.