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<p>The design of economical and highly efficient electrode materials with long-term operational stability is essential for advancing water-splitting systems and reducing dependence on conventional fossil-fuel-based energy sources. In the present work, a CdCr<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/rGO hybrid nanostructure was successfully synthesized to enhance electrochemical water-splitting activity. The composite integrates the electroactive behavior of CdCr<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> with the excellent electrical transport properties and extended surface architecture of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). A variety of analytical methods were applied to analyze crystallographic structure, surface morphology, and purity of the synthesized material. Electrochemical investigation was measured in 1&#xa0;M KOH, revealing a double-layer capacitance (Cdl) of 10.5 mF/cm<sup>2</sup> along with an electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of 525&#xa0;cm<sup>2</sup>, demonstrating the availability of abundant catalytic active centers. During the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the prepared electrode achieved an overpotential (η: 248 mV) at a current density (j) of 10&#xa0;mA/cm<sup>2</sup> and exhibited a Tafel slope of 36 mV/dec, reflecting favorable charge-transfer behavior and enabled rapid reaction dynamics. For the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the catalyst required only 151 mV overpotential and displayed a Tafel value of 54 mV/dec, highlighting its effective catalytic response toward hydrogen generation. In addition, the nanocomposite maintained excellent electrochemical robustness, preserving its activity even after 2000th repeated cycles and 50&#xa0;h of uninterrupted operation. The superior catalytic efficiency is mainly associated with the collaborative effect between CdCr<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> and rGO. The rGO structure facilitated rapid charge transport, improved interfacial charge mobility, and increased the accessibility of catalytic sites, whereas the defect-enriched heterointerfaces contributed to enhanced adsorption and reaction processes. Overall, the obtained findings demonstrate that the CdCr<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/rGO nanocomposite possesses significant potential as a durable, affordable and practical electrocatalyst for water-splitting technologies.</p>

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Strategic Integration of rGO with Spinel Sulphide Catalysts for Advancing OER and HER Electrocatalysis in a Sustainable Energy System

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Munaza Sadiq,
  • Samira Elaissi,
  • Hala M. Abo-Dief,
  • Eman Alzahrani,
  • Hussain Sawwan,
  • Waqas Ul Arifeen,
  • Abhinav Kumar,
  • Reda A. Haggam

摘要

The design of economical and highly efficient electrode materials with long-term operational stability is essential for advancing water-splitting systems and reducing dependence on conventional fossil-fuel-based energy sources. In the present work, a CdCr2S4/rGO hybrid nanostructure was successfully synthesized to enhance electrochemical water-splitting activity. The composite integrates the electroactive behavior of CdCr2S4 with the excellent electrical transport properties and extended surface architecture of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). A variety of analytical methods were applied to analyze crystallographic structure, surface morphology, and purity of the synthesized material. Electrochemical investigation was measured in 1 M KOH, revealing a double-layer capacitance (Cdl) of 10.5 mF/cm2 along with an electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of 525 cm2, demonstrating the availability of abundant catalytic active centers. During the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the prepared electrode achieved an overpotential (η: 248 mV) at a current density (j) of 10 mA/cm2 and exhibited a Tafel slope of 36 mV/dec, reflecting favorable charge-transfer behavior and enabled rapid reaction dynamics. For the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the catalyst required only 151 mV overpotential and displayed a Tafel value of 54 mV/dec, highlighting its effective catalytic response toward hydrogen generation. In addition, the nanocomposite maintained excellent electrochemical robustness, preserving its activity even after 2000th repeated cycles and 50 h of uninterrupted operation. The superior catalytic efficiency is mainly associated with the collaborative effect between CdCr2S4 and rGO. The rGO structure facilitated rapid charge transport, improved interfacial charge mobility, and increased the accessibility of catalytic sites, whereas the defect-enriched heterointerfaces contributed to enhanced adsorption and reaction processes. Overall, the obtained findings demonstrate that the CdCr2S4/rGO nanocomposite possesses significant potential as a durable, affordable and practical electrocatalyst for water-splitting technologies.