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<p>The design of advanced and efficient photocatalysts has attracted significant attention in recent years as a strategy for developing environmentally sustainable water treatment technologies. In this work, the h-BN supported Ag/Ag<sub>2</sub>O/GCN nanohybrid was successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal approach and evaluated for the visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol and amoxicillin. The structural, morphological, optical, and surface properties of the synthesized materials were systematically characterized using XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, XPS, UV-visible DRS, PL, zeta potential analysis, BET, and EIS techniques. The characterization results confirm the uniform anchoring of Ag/Ag<sub>2</sub>O nanoparticles on the GCN/h-BN matrix, forming a well-integrated Ag/Ag<sub>2</sub>O/GCN/h-BN nanohybrid with enhanced interfacial contact. Owing to the synergistic interaction among the components, the ternary nanohybrid exhibited markedly superior photocatalytic activity compared with pristine GCN. Under visible-light irradiation for 80&#xa0;min, the Ag/Ag<sub>2</sub>O/GCN/h-BN catalyst achieved degradation efficiencies of 91.57% for PNP and 91.06% for AMX. The degradation kinetics followed a pseudo-first-order model, where the apparent rate constants of the composite were approximately 13.4 and 3.3 times higher for PNP and AMX, respectively, compared with pure GCN. Furthermore, recyclability studies revealed excellent photostability, with only a marginal decrease in catalytic efficiency after four consecutive cycles. Scavenging experiments indicated that superoxide radicals (<sup>•</sup>O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>), and hydroxyl radicals (<sup>•</sup>OH), play dominant role in the degradation mechanism. The enhanced photocatalytic performance can be attributed to the improved visible-light absorption and efficient separation and migration of e<sup>−</sup>/h<sup>+</sup> pairs within the Ag/Ag<sub>2</sub>O/GCN/h-BN nanohybrid. Overall, this study highlights the potential of the Ag/Ag<sub>2</sub>O/GCN/h-BN nanohybrid as a promising photocatalyst for the efficient degradation of pharmaceutical and phenolic pollutants from wastewater systems.</p>

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Hyrdothermal Synthesis of Two Dimensional h-BN Modified Ag/Ag2O/GCN Nanohybrid for Photocatalytic Degradation of P-Nitrophenol and Amoxicillin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月14日

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  • Shweta Dighe,
  • Dinesh Hase,
  • Kailas Kadam,
  • Gajanan Pandhare,
  • Vaishali Murade

摘要

The design of advanced and efficient photocatalysts has attracted significant attention in recent years as a strategy for developing environmentally sustainable water treatment technologies. In this work, the h-BN supported Ag/Ag2O/GCN nanohybrid was successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal approach and evaluated for the visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol and amoxicillin. The structural, morphological, optical, and surface properties of the synthesized materials were systematically characterized using XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, XPS, UV-visible DRS, PL, zeta potential analysis, BET, and EIS techniques. The characterization results confirm the uniform anchoring of Ag/Ag2O nanoparticles on the GCN/h-BN matrix, forming a well-integrated Ag/Ag2O/GCN/h-BN nanohybrid with enhanced interfacial contact. Owing to the synergistic interaction among the components, the ternary nanohybrid exhibited markedly superior photocatalytic activity compared with pristine GCN. Under visible-light irradiation for 80 min, the Ag/Ag2O/GCN/h-BN catalyst achieved degradation efficiencies of 91.57% for PNP and 91.06% for AMX. The degradation kinetics followed a pseudo-first-order model, where the apparent rate constants of the composite were approximately 13.4 and 3.3 times higher for PNP and AMX, respectively, compared with pure GCN. Furthermore, recyclability studies revealed excellent photostability, with only a marginal decrease in catalytic efficiency after four consecutive cycles. Scavenging experiments indicated that superoxide radicals (•O2−), and hydroxyl radicals (•OH), play dominant role in the degradation mechanism. The enhanced photocatalytic performance can be attributed to the improved visible-light absorption and efficient separation and migration of e−/h+ pairs within the Ag/Ag2O/GCN/h-BN nanohybrid. Overall, this study highlights the potential of the Ag/Ag2O/GCN/h-BN nanohybrid as a promising photocatalyst for the efficient degradation of pharmaceutical and phenolic pollutants from wastewater systems.