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<p>The perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one of the highly prospective approaches towards solving the energy crisis around the world and utilizing sunlight to generate electricity. Such renewable and abundant energy is a way of moving toward sustainable development in order to reduce dependency on fossil fuels, promote environmental conservation, and enhance long-term energy stability. Although Pb-based PSCs show excellent efficiencies, their intrinsic toxicity raises great concern from a sustainability perspective. Despite this, Sn-based perovskites present an eco-friendly alternative, though their stability and efficiency remain comparatively lower. This work has been undertaken to systematically examine and compare the performance of Sn and Pb-based PSCs with the purpose of elucidating the fundamental causes of their contrasting photovoltaic behavior. The present article comprehensively examines the comparative modeling and performance optimization of two device configurations: FTO /TiO<sub>2</sub> /FAPbI<sub>3</sub> /Spiro-OMeTAD /Au (PSC<sub>1</sub>) and FTO/TiO<sub>2</sub>/FASnI<sub>3</sub>/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au (PSC<sub>2</sub>) with the help of SCAPS-1D software. The investigation involves various optimizations such as active layer thickness, bulk defect density (N<sub>t</sub>), shallow acceptor density (N<sub>A</sub>), internal resistances, and work function to maximize the output of each cell. After optimization, the output parameters achieved for PSC<sub>1</sub> include J<sub>SC</sub> of 26.74&#xa0;mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, V<sub>OC</sub> of 1.31&#xa0;V, FF of 89.37%, and PCE of 31.36% and for PSC<sub>2</sub>, it includes J<sub>SC</sub> of 26.16&#xa0;mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, V<sub>OC</sub> of 0.9118&#xa0;V, FF of 84.17%, and PCE of 20.08%. Overall, the comparative analysis confirms the performance advantage of Pb-based PSCs while pointing out the need for further material engineering in order to enhance the viability of the Sn-based alternative.</p>

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Exploring the Photovoltaic Performance of FAPbI3 and FASnI3 Perovskite Solar Cells Through Comprehensive Comparative Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月26日

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  • Nikita Rai,
  • Yashwant Kumar Singh,
  • D. K. Dwivedi,
  • Manish Kumar,
  • Pooja Lohia,
  • Sagar Bhattarai

摘要

The perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one of the highly prospective approaches towards solving the energy crisis around the world and utilizing sunlight to generate electricity. Such renewable and abundant energy is a way of moving toward sustainable development in order to reduce dependency on fossil fuels, promote environmental conservation, and enhance long-term energy stability. Although Pb-based PSCs show excellent efficiencies, their intrinsic toxicity raises great concern from a sustainability perspective. Despite this, Sn-based perovskites present an eco-friendly alternative, though their stability and efficiency remain comparatively lower. This work has been undertaken to systematically examine and compare the performance of Sn and Pb-based PSCs with the purpose of elucidating the fundamental causes of their contrasting photovoltaic behavior. The present article comprehensively examines the comparative modeling and performance optimization of two device configurations: FTO /TiO2 /FAPbI3 /Spiro-OMeTAD /Au (PSC1) and FTO/TiO2/FASnI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au (PSC2) with the help of SCAPS-1D software. The investigation involves various optimizations such as active layer thickness, bulk defect density (Nt), shallow acceptor density (NA), internal resistances, and work function to maximize the output of each cell. After optimization, the output parameters achieved for PSC1 include JSC of 26.74 mA/cm2, VOC of 1.31 V, FF of 89.37%, and PCE of 31.36% and for PSC2, it includes JSC of 26.16 mA/cm2, VOC of 0.9118 V, FF of 84.17%, and PCE of 20.08%. Overall, the comparative analysis confirms the performance advantage of Pb-based PSCs while pointing out the need for further material engineering in order to enhance the viability of the Sn-based alternative.