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<p>Barium titanate (BaTiO<sub>3</sub>) is a promising lead-free perovskite for dielectric and optoelectronic applications due to its excellent structural and functional properties. In this work, nanocrystalline Ba<sub>0.92</sub>La<sub>0.03</sub>Ca<sub>0.05</sub>Ti<sub>0.9</sub>(Zn<sub>0.5</sub>Nb<sub>0.5</sub>)<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (BLCTZNO) ceramic was synthesized by the sol–gel combustion method and systematically investigated in terms of its structural, optical, dielectric, and electrical behavior. X-ray diffraction combined with Rietveld refinement confirmed the formation of a single-phase orthorhombic perovskite structure (space group Amm2). UV–vis diffuse reflectance analysis revealed strong absorption in the ultraviolet region, and the optical band gap was determined to be 3.74&#xa0;eV using the Kubelka–Munk approach together with Marotti’s method, while the Urbach energy was estimated as 0.617&#xa0;eV, indicating moderate structural disorder. Impedance and dielectric analyses showed thermally activated semiconducting behavior, with grain and grain-boundary contributions clearly identified. The frequency-dependent conductivity obeyed Jonscher’s universal power law and was successfully interpreted using the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model, whereas the dielectric response was explained within the Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization framework. The combination of wide band-gap optical behavior, enhanced dielectric response, and stable electrical characteristics highlights the potential of BLCTZNO ceramic for advanced dielectric and optoelectronic applications.</p>

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Structural, Optical, and Dielectric Properties of a Novel Multi-Doped BaTiO3 Perovskite for High-Performance Energy-Storage Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月26日

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  • N. Dhahri,
  • J. Dhahri,
  • E. K. Hlil

摘要

Barium titanate (BaTiO3) is a promising lead-free perovskite for dielectric and optoelectronic applications due to its excellent structural and functional properties. In this work, nanocrystalline Ba0.92La0.03Ca0.05Ti0.9(Zn0.5Nb0.5)0.1O3 (BLCTZNO) ceramic was synthesized by the sol–gel combustion method and systematically investigated in terms of its structural, optical, dielectric, and electrical behavior. X-ray diffraction combined with Rietveld refinement confirmed the formation of a single-phase orthorhombic perovskite structure (space group Amm2). UV–vis diffuse reflectance analysis revealed strong absorption in the ultraviolet region, and the optical band gap was determined to be 3.74 eV using the Kubelka–Munk approach together with Marotti’s method, while the Urbach energy was estimated as 0.617 eV, indicating moderate structural disorder. Impedance and dielectric analyses showed thermally activated semiconducting behavior, with grain and grain-boundary contributions clearly identified. The frequency-dependent conductivity obeyed Jonscher’s universal power law and was successfully interpreted using the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model, whereas the dielectric response was explained within the Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization framework. The combination of wide band-gap optical behavior, enhanced dielectric response, and stable electrical characteristics highlights the potential of BLCTZNO ceramic for advanced dielectric and optoelectronic applications.