<p>Inorganic and organometallic polymer materials have emerged as a versatile class of advanced materials that integrate the processability of organic polymers with the functional characteristics of inorganic and metal-containing systems. Their unique structural diversity enables tunable thermal, mechanical, electronic, and catalytic properties, making them highly attractive for a wide range of technological applications. This review provides a critical and integrated overview of recent advances in inorganic and organometallic materials, focusing on the interrelationship between synthesis strategies, molecular structure, and functional performance. Key synthetic approaches, including sol–gel processes, coordination-driven assembly, and polymerization techniques, are discussed in terms of their advantages and limitations. Emphasis is placed on how backbone composition, metal centers, and structural architecture govern material properties. Recent developments in applications such as energy storage and conversion, electronics, catalysis, and advanced coatings are highlighted, with attention to performance trends and design principles. Finally, current challenges related to scalability, processability, and sustainability are critically examined, and future research directions are proposed to guide the development of next-generation multifunctional materials.</p>