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<p>The development of efficient, sustainable materials for environmental and health applications is essential for addressing pressing global challenges. This study focuses on the synthesis of Ni–Zn ferrite/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-sodium alginate (SA) composite sheets, designed to enhance photocatalytic dye degradation and exhibit antimicrobial properties. The Ni–Zn ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized through a co-precipitation method and incorporated into a PVA-SA matrix using sonication to ensure uniform dispersion. The structural integrity and successful incorporation of the ferrite nanoparticles were confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), which revealed characteristic ferrite peaks and crystallite sizes in the nanometer range. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of metal-oxide bonds between the ferrite particles and the polymer matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed well-dispersed ferrite nanoparticles with minimal aggregation, which is crucial for the composites’ photocatalytic efficiency. The NZF@PSA composite exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, achieving approximately 99.9% degradation of methylene blue (MB) within 3&#xa0;h under visible-light irradiation, following first-order kinetic behavior with a rate constant of 0.0177&#xa0;min⁻¹. In addition, the composite demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity with inhibition zones of 14 ± 0.6&#xa0;mm for <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, 15 ± 0.7&#xa0;mm for <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and 12 ± 0.5&#xa0;mm for <i>Candida albicans</i>. The enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic interaction between the mixed Ni–Zn ferrite nanoparticles and the PVA–SA matrix, which improves charge carrier separation, increases reactive oxygen species generation, and promotes effective contact with microbial cells. Furthermore, the NZF@PSA composite showed excellent stability, maintaining over 96% of its photocatalytic efficiency after five reuse cycles. These results demonstrate that the developed nanocomposite is a promising multifunctional material for water purification, wastewater treatment, and antimicrobial applications.</p>

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Development of Ni–Zn Ferrite/Polymer Nanocomposites as Dual-Action Photocatalysts and Antimicrobial Materials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Reda S. Salama,
  • L. S. Diab,
  • Abdulrhman Alshaabani,
  • Mohamad A. Alawad,
  • Essam R. I. Mahmoud,
  • Abd Elnaby Kabeel,
  • Sara F. El-beltagy

摘要

The development of efficient, sustainable materials for environmental and health applications is essential for addressing pressing global challenges. This study focuses on the synthesis of Ni–Zn ferrite/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-sodium alginate (SA) composite sheets, designed to enhance photocatalytic dye degradation and exhibit antimicrobial properties. The Ni–Zn ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized through a co-precipitation method and incorporated into a PVA-SA matrix using sonication to ensure uniform dispersion. The structural integrity and successful incorporation of the ferrite nanoparticles were confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), which revealed characteristic ferrite peaks and crystallite sizes in the nanometer range. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of metal-oxide bonds between the ferrite particles and the polymer matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed well-dispersed ferrite nanoparticles with minimal aggregation, which is crucial for the composites’ photocatalytic efficiency. The NZF@PSA composite exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, achieving approximately 99.9% degradation of methylene blue (MB) within 3 h under visible-light irradiation, following first-order kinetic behavior with a rate constant of 0.0177 min⁻¹. In addition, the composite demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity with inhibition zones of 14 ± 0.6 mm for Bacillus subtilis, 15 ± 0.7 mm for Escherichia coli, and 12 ± 0.5 mm for Candida albicans. The enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic interaction between the mixed Ni–Zn ferrite nanoparticles and the PVA–SA matrix, which improves charge carrier separation, increases reactive oxygen species generation, and promotes effective contact with microbial cells. Furthermore, the NZF@PSA composite showed excellent stability, maintaining over 96% of its photocatalytic efficiency after five reuse cycles. These results demonstrate that the developed nanocomposite is a promising multifunctional material for water purification, wastewater treatment, and antimicrobial applications.