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<p>Bare copper oxide (CuO) and magnesium-doped CuO (Mg–CuO) nanocomposites with doping levels of 1%, 5%, and 10% were synthesized using a simple co-precipitation method. These nanocomposites were evaluated as photocatalysts for the degradation of rifampicin in pharmaceutical effluents. Structural and chemical characterizations were conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis, and photoluminescence analyses to assess crystallinity, morphology, and functional groups. Among all compositions, the 5% Mg–CuO nanocomposite exhibited the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency and remarkable structural stability over repeated cycles. Kinetic studies confirmed that the degradation followed a reaction order-fitting model. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis revealed removal efficiencies of 27.81 ± 0.02% in pond water, 34.86 ± 0.03% in BMC effluent, and 38.95 ± 0.02% in double-distilled water (DDW). Biocompatibility assessments, including SDS-PAGE, human serum albumin (HSA) interaction studies, and DNA electrophoresis, showed no structural alterations in proteins or DNA, supporting the safety potential of these nanocomposites for wastewater treatment applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Efficient Photodegradation of Rifampicin in Wastewater Effluents Using Mg-Doped CuO Nanocomposites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Pooja R. Pandey,
  • Pawan Sharma,
  • Ahmad Ali,
  • Shilpee Sachar

摘要

Bare copper oxide (CuO) and magnesium-doped CuO (Mg–CuO) nanocomposites with doping levels of 1%, 5%, and 10% were synthesized using a simple co-precipitation method. These nanocomposites were evaluated as photocatalysts for the degradation of rifampicin in pharmaceutical effluents. Structural and chemical characterizations were conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis, and photoluminescence analyses to assess crystallinity, morphology, and functional groups. Among all compositions, the 5% Mg–CuO nanocomposite exhibited the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency and remarkable structural stability over repeated cycles. Kinetic studies confirmed that the degradation followed a reaction order-fitting model. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis revealed removal efficiencies of 27.81 ± 0.02% in pond water, 34.86 ± 0.03% in BMC effluent, and 38.95 ± 0.02% in double-distilled water (DDW). Biocompatibility assessments, including SDS-PAGE, human serum albumin (HSA) interaction studies, and DNA electrophoresis, showed no structural alterations in proteins or DNA, supporting the safety potential of these nanocomposites for wastewater treatment applications.

Graphical Abstract