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<p>Cerium(III) fluoride (CeF₃) nanoparticles and sodium alignate–functionalized CeF₃ nanocomposites (CeF₃–SA) were synthesized via a wet-chemical method. XRD confirmed phase-pure hexagonal CeF₃ with an average crystallite size of ~ 24&#xa0;nm. TEM showed uniformly distributed nanoparticles (8–12&#xa0;nm), and lattice fringe analysis revealed an interplanar spacing of ~ 0.315&#xa0;nm corresponding to the (111) plane, indicating preserved crystallinity after SA functionalization. UV–visible spectroscopy revealed a reduction in the optical band gap from 6.05&#xa0;eV (CeF₃) to 4.96&#xa0;eV (CeF₃–SA), indicating modification of electronic properties. PL emission (351–522&#xa0;nm) showed quenching, suggesting suppressed charge carrier recombination and increased defect density. CeF₃–SA exhibited antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (<i>S. aureus</i>,<i> S. pneumoniae</i>), Gram-negative (<i>K. pneumoniae</i>,<i> E. coli</i>), and the fungal pathogen <i>C. albicans</i>, with reduced MIC (650&#xa0;µg/mL) and MBC (1050&#xa0;µg/mL) against <i>K. pneumoniae</i>. SEM revealed pronounced bacterial membrane damage. In vitro MTT assays on L929 fibroblasts demonstrated &gt; 80% cell viability at concentrations up to 60&#xa0;µg/mL, indicating the nanoparticles are well-tolerated at sub-antimicrobial doses. Overall, CeF₃–SA represents a promising antimicrobial nanoplatform, with further studies needed to assess cytocompatibility at MIC-level concentrations.</p>

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Sodium Alginate Coated Cerium(III) Fluoride Nanoparticles for Biocompatible Antimicrobial Applications: Structural and Functional Insights

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月13日

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  • Indumathi Thangavelu,
  • P. Ganeshkumar,
  • Abdul Khader Jilani Saudagar

摘要

Cerium(III) fluoride (CeF₃) nanoparticles and sodium alignate–functionalized CeF₃ nanocomposites (CeF₃–SA) were synthesized via a wet-chemical method. XRD confirmed phase-pure hexagonal CeF₃ with an average crystallite size of ~ 24 nm. TEM showed uniformly distributed nanoparticles (8–12 nm), and lattice fringe analysis revealed an interplanar spacing of ~ 0.315 nm corresponding to the (111) plane, indicating preserved crystallinity after SA functionalization. UV–visible spectroscopy revealed a reduction in the optical band gap from 6.05 eV (CeF₃) to 4.96 eV (CeF₃–SA), indicating modification of electronic properties. PL emission (351–522 nm) showed quenching, suggesting suppressed charge carrier recombination and increased defect density. CeF₃–SA exhibited antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (S. aureus, S. pneumoniae), Gram-negative (K. pneumoniae, E. coli), and the fungal pathogen C. albicans, with reduced MIC (650 µg/mL) and MBC (1050 µg/mL) against K. pneumoniae. SEM revealed pronounced bacterial membrane damage. In vitro MTT assays on L929 fibroblasts demonstrated > 80% cell viability at concentrations up to 60 µg/mL, indicating the nanoparticles are well-tolerated at sub-antimicrobial doses. Overall, CeF₃–SA represents a promising antimicrobial nanoplatform, with further studies needed to assess cytocompatibility at MIC-level concentrations.