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<p>The study describes the synthesis of a novel chitosan-ZnO/CaO nanocomposite hydrogel via a simple and environmentally friendly sol–gel technique. This method facilitates uniform distribution of ZnO/CaO nanoparticles within the chitosan matrix, optimizing its dual functionality for dye removal. The hydrogel exhibits strong adsorption capacity, initially capturing dye molecules such as methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) onto its surface, then under UV irradiation, the embedded ZnO/CaO nanoparticles catalyze the photocatalytic degradation of the adsorbed dyes. Characterization via FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX confirmed successful integration and structural integrity. The composite hydrogel achieved 98% degradation of MB and 96% of RhB at neutral pH 7.0. Kinetic analysis revealed pseudo-first-order behavior, while adsorption data aligned with the Langmuir model. Negative Gibbs free energy values (− 13.7&#xa0;kJ/mol for MB and − 12.9&#xa0;kJ/mol for RhB) confirmed the spontaneity of the process. The hydrogel retained high performance after five cycles, with 88% MB and 85% RhB degradation efficiency, demonstrating excellent stability and reusability. These results highlight the hydrogel’s potential for industrial wastewater treatment.</p>

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Development of Chitosan-Augmented ZnO/CaO Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Superior Adsorption and Organic Dyes Degradation Through Type-II Heterojunction Under UV-Irradiation: A Synergistic Approach to Environmental Remediation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月8日

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  • Nuha Y. Elamin,
  • Eslam A. Mohamed,
  • Mohamed R. Elamin,
  • Amal A. Altalhi,
  • Hazem I. Bendary,
  • Mahmoud F. Mubarak

摘要

The study describes the synthesis of a novel chitosan-ZnO/CaO nanocomposite hydrogel via a simple and environmentally friendly sol–gel technique. This method facilitates uniform distribution of ZnO/CaO nanoparticles within the chitosan matrix, optimizing its dual functionality for dye removal. The hydrogel exhibits strong adsorption capacity, initially capturing dye molecules such as methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) onto its surface, then under UV irradiation, the embedded ZnO/CaO nanoparticles catalyze the photocatalytic degradation of the adsorbed dyes. Characterization via FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX confirmed successful integration and structural integrity. The composite hydrogel achieved 98% degradation of MB and 96% of RhB at neutral pH 7.0. Kinetic analysis revealed pseudo-first-order behavior, while adsorption data aligned with the Langmuir model. Negative Gibbs free energy values (− 13.7 kJ/mol for MB and − 12.9 kJ/mol for RhB) confirmed the spontaneity of the process. The hydrogel retained high performance after five cycles, with 88% MB and 85% RhB degradation efficiency, demonstrating excellent stability and reusability. These results highlight the hydrogel’s potential for industrial wastewater treatment.