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<p>The current trend of extensive industrialization has elevated protecting and preserving the environment to one of humanity’s most pressing challenges. To efficiently break down the hazardous Ciprofloxacin antibiotic pollutant found in industrial effluents, this study synthesizes a novel S-scheme quaternary WO<sub>3</sub>/Ag/Ag<sub>2</sub>O@RGO photocatalyst using a simple hydrothermal method. Using sophisticated analytical techniques, the synthesized photocatalysts were evaluated for their crystalline phases, bond stretching and bending modes, surface morphology, elemental composition, chemical oxidation states, light absorption characteristics, stability of nanoparticles, specific surface area, and structural features. The visible light and the catalytic efficiency of the quaternary WO<sub>3</sub>/Ag/Ag<sub>2</sub>O@RGO photocatalyst demonstrated a significant improvement relative to the pristine WO<sub>3</sub>. WO<sub>3</sub>/Ag/Ag<sub>2</sub>O@RGO’s photocatalytic degradation efficiency (97.40%, k = 0.0190&#xa0;min<sup>− 1</sup>) was 1.8 times higher than that of pristine WO<sub>3</sub> after 80&#xa0;min. The excellent electron transport and mobility on the RGO layers’ surface enhanced the photocatalytic efficiency, effectively supporting the separation of photoexcited charge carriers. According to the results, the innovative S-scheme quaternary WO<sub>3</sub>/Ag/Ag<sub>2</sub>O@RGO photocatalyst is a cost-effective of treating contaminated water and may serve as a model material for reducing water pollution.</p>

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Engineered S-Scheme Quaternary WO3/Ag/Ag2O@RGO Nanocomposite for Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月28日

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  • Shobha Musmade,
  • Shailendra Gurav,
  • Kailas Kadam,
  • Kanhaiyalal Bhavsar,
  • Dinesh Hase,
  • Vaishali Murade

摘要

The current trend of extensive industrialization has elevated protecting and preserving the environment to one of humanity’s most pressing challenges. To efficiently break down the hazardous Ciprofloxacin antibiotic pollutant found in industrial effluents, this study synthesizes a novel S-scheme quaternary WO3/Ag/Ag2O@RGO photocatalyst using a simple hydrothermal method. Using sophisticated analytical techniques, the synthesized photocatalysts were evaluated for their crystalline phases, bond stretching and bending modes, surface morphology, elemental composition, chemical oxidation states, light absorption characteristics, stability of nanoparticles, specific surface area, and structural features. The visible light and the catalytic efficiency of the quaternary WO3/Ag/Ag2O@RGO photocatalyst demonstrated a significant improvement relative to the pristine WO3. WO3/Ag/Ag2O@RGO’s photocatalytic degradation efficiency (97.40%, k = 0.0190 min− 1) was 1.8 times higher than that of pristine WO3 after 80 min. The excellent electron transport and mobility on the RGO layers’ surface enhanced the photocatalytic efficiency, effectively supporting the separation of photoexcited charge carriers. According to the results, the innovative S-scheme quaternary WO3/Ag/Ag2O@RGO photocatalyst is a cost-effective of treating contaminated water and may serve as a model material for reducing water pollution.