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<p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) remains one of the most aggressive malignancies, where conventional chemotherapy is limited by poor drug penetration and systemic toxicity. Magnetically responsive nanoplatforms offer a promising materials-based strategy to improve drug localization and enable externally controlled release. In this work, we present a comprehensive physicochemical characterization of gemcitabine-functionalized magnetic nanoplatforms (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@HAGel–Gem) developed as a foundational platform for future biological assessment in PDA-relevant scenarios. Core–shell Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles were synthesized via coprecipitation and embedded within hyaluronic acid–gelatin hydrogels to improve biocompatibility and receptor-mediated targeting. Characterization by SEM-STEM, DLS, FTIR, ICP-OES, and SQUID magnetometry confirmed a uniform morphology, increased hydrodynamic size after hydrogel embedding (~ 800&#xa0;nm), and preserved superparamagnetic behavior suitable for magnetic guidance. Gemcitabine loading occurred through electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions within the hydrogel network, achieving high encapsulation efficiency and structural stability. Drug release studies revealed temperature- and magnetic field-dependent kinetics: passive diffusion promoted faster release at physiological temperature, while alternating magnetic fields induced distinct release profiles linked to matrix compaction and modified diffusion pathways. These findings establish Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@HAGel–Gem as a robust and stable and magneto-responsive nanoplatform with significant potential for future biological evaluation. The successful integration of magnetic nanoparticles within a biopolymeric hydrogel enables controlled drug loading and tunable, magnetically modulated release behavior. The demonstrated physicochemical stability supports its potential use in biological environments for anticancer drug delivery. This platform is intended for subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies, particularly for gemcitabine delivery in PDA and other solid tumors.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Physicochemical Characterization of Magnetically Responsive Fe3O4@SiO2@HAGel Nanoplatforms for Controlled Gemcitabine Delivery

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月19日

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  • Sara S. Cotes,
  • Valeria I. Rodríguez,
  • Vanessa A. Narváez,
  • Esteban A. Rodríguez-Meléndez,
  • Irene Morales,
  • Katja Meyer,
  • Sara Leal-Marín,
  • Alex A. Lopera,
  • Claudia M. Arenas-Gómez,
  • Carlos A. Orozco,
  • Diego A. Garzón-Alvarado,
  • Juan J. Vaca-González

摘要

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) remains one of the most aggressive malignancies, where conventional chemotherapy is limited by poor drug penetration and systemic toxicity. Magnetically responsive nanoplatforms offer a promising materials-based strategy to improve drug localization and enable externally controlled release. In this work, we present a comprehensive physicochemical characterization of gemcitabine-functionalized magnetic nanoplatforms (Fe3O4@SiO2@HAGel–Gem) developed as a foundational platform for future biological assessment in PDA-relevant scenarios. Core–shell Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized via coprecipitation and embedded within hyaluronic acid–gelatin hydrogels to improve biocompatibility and receptor-mediated targeting. Characterization by SEM-STEM, DLS, FTIR, ICP-OES, and SQUID magnetometry confirmed a uniform morphology, increased hydrodynamic size after hydrogel embedding (~ 800 nm), and preserved superparamagnetic behavior suitable for magnetic guidance. Gemcitabine loading occurred through electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions within the hydrogel network, achieving high encapsulation efficiency and structural stability. Drug release studies revealed temperature- and magnetic field-dependent kinetics: passive diffusion promoted faster release at physiological temperature, while alternating magnetic fields induced distinct release profiles linked to matrix compaction and modified diffusion pathways. These findings establish Fe3O4@SiO2@HAGel–Gem as a robust and stable and magneto-responsive nanoplatform with significant potential for future biological evaluation. The successful integration of magnetic nanoparticles within a biopolymeric hydrogel enables controlled drug loading and tunable, magnetically modulated release behavior. The demonstrated physicochemical stability supports its potential use in biological environments for anticancer drug delivery. This platform is intended for subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies, particularly for gemcitabine delivery in PDA and other solid tumors.

Graphical Abstract