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<p>In the present study, pistachio shells, an abundant bio-waste, were used for the development of activated carbon (AC) using pyrolysis process. Biochar of shells was prepared at varying pyrolysis temperatures in the range 300–750&#xa0;°C and then activated using KOH. The structural, functional, and morphological properties were analyzed using XRD, FTIR, and FE-SEM, along with detailed textural properties (BET surface area and pore size distribution). The electrochemical performance of working electrode was evaluated using 1&#xa0;M KOH and the highest specific capacitance was obtained for the AC synthesized from biochar optimized at 600&#xa0;°C (AC60), which was 304.1&#xa0;F g⁻¹ at 20 mV s⁻¹ (CV) and 284.8&#xa0;F g⁻¹ at 1&#xa0;A g⁻¹ (GCD). The EDLC and diffusive contributions, as defined by the Trasatti method, were 79.1% and 20.9%, respectively. The fabricated symmetric device (AC//AC) offers 103&#xa0;F g<sup>− 1</sup> of specific capacitance at 0.5&#xa0;A g<sup>− 1</sup> with a maximum 14.36&#xa0;W Kg<sup>−1</sup>energy density and 2500 Wh Kg<sup>− 1</sup> power density with 80% capacitive retention after 10,000 charging-discharging cycles. The results demonstrate that AC derived from pistachio shells is a favourable electrode material for green and efficient high-performance supercapacitors.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Engineering Biomass-Derived Porous Carbon via Pyrolysis for High-Performance Supercapacitors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月22日

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  • Sarita Sindhu,
  • Vinay Kumar,
  • Mamta Bulla,
  • Annu Sheokand,
  • Sunil Kumar,
  • Rita Dahiya,
  • Raj Bahadur Singh,
  • Ajay Kumar Mishra

摘要

In the present study, pistachio shells, an abundant bio-waste, were used for the development of activated carbon (AC) using pyrolysis process. Biochar of shells was prepared at varying pyrolysis temperatures in the range 300–750 °C and then activated using KOH. The structural, functional, and morphological properties were analyzed using XRD, FTIR, and FE-SEM, along with detailed textural properties (BET surface area and pore size distribution). The electrochemical performance of working electrode was evaluated using 1 M KOH and the highest specific capacitance was obtained for the AC synthesized from biochar optimized at 600 °C (AC60), which was 304.1 F g⁻¹ at 20 mV s⁻¹ (CV) and 284.8 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ (GCD). The EDLC and diffusive contributions, as defined by the Trasatti method, were 79.1% and 20.9%, respectively. The fabricated symmetric device (AC//AC) offers 103 F g− 1 of specific capacitance at 0.5 A g− 1 with a maximum 14.36 W Kg−1energy density and 2500 Wh Kg− 1 power density with 80% capacitive retention after 10,000 charging-discharging cycles. The results demonstrate that AC derived from pistachio shells is a favourable electrode material for green and efficient high-performance supercapacitors.

Graphical Abstract