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<p>This study presents the design and synthesis of ternary SnO<sub>2</sub>/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/ZnO heterostructured nanofibers fabricated through electrospinning and wet-chemical techniques for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs). Structural analyses confirmed the successful formation of coupled oxide phases with uniform elemental dispersion in a porous fibrous network. The unique core–shell configuration and hierarchical architecture enabled efficient charge transport, high surface area, and abundant electroactive sites. Electrochemical evaluation revealed superior performance of the SnO<sub>2</sub>/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/ZnO electrode compared to binary counterparts, achieving a specific capacitance of 275&#xa0;F/g at 1&#xa0;A/g, an energy density of 36.6 Wh/kg, and excellent cycling stability with 89.6% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles. The low charge-transfer resistance and improved ion diffusion behavior confirmed the synergistic interaction among the three oxides. A practical device demonstration further validated the electrode’s ability to power small electronics, highlighting its real-world applicability. These results demonstrate that rational ternary heterostructuring effectively integrates the redox activity of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, the stability of SnO<sub>2</sub>, and the conductivity of ZnO, offering a promising route for developing next-generation high-energy, durable supercapacitors.</p>

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Electrospun SnO2/Co3O4 Core–Shell Nanofibers Decorated with ZnO for High Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月8日

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  • Nasrullah,
  • Wajeeha Wisal,
  • Farhat Bibi,
  • Said Karim Shah,
  • Javid Ullah,
  • Muhammad Rauf,
  • Roberto Gunnella,
  • Syed Shaheen Shah,
  • Takaya Ogawa,
  • Md. Abdul Aziz,
  • Khizar Hayat

摘要

This study presents the design and synthesis of ternary SnO2/Co3O4/ZnO heterostructured nanofibers fabricated through electrospinning and wet-chemical techniques for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs). Structural analyses confirmed the successful formation of coupled oxide phases with uniform elemental dispersion in a porous fibrous network. The unique core–shell configuration and hierarchical architecture enabled efficient charge transport, high surface area, and abundant electroactive sites. Electrochemical evaluation revealed superior performance of the SnO2/Co3O4/ZnO electrode compared to binary counterparts, achieving a specific capacitance of 275 F/g at 1 A/g, an energy density of 36.6 Wh/kg, and excellent cycling stability with 89.6% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles. The low charge-transfer resistance and improved ion diffusion behavior confirmed the synergistic interaction among the three oxides. A practical device demonstration further validated the electrode’s ability to power small electronics, highlighting its real-world applicability. These results demonstrate that rational ternary heterostructuring effectively integrates the redox activity of Co3O4, the stability of SnO2, and the conductivity of ZnO, offering a promising route for developing next-generation high-energy, durable supercapacitors.