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<p>Several nuclear shielding parameters, physical structure, plus dielectric features were investigated for the glass system 45 B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3 </sub>− 15 SiO<sub>2</sub> − 20BaF<sub>2</sub> − (20 − <i>x</i>) Na<sub>2</sub>O − <i>x</i> Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> with <i>x</i> = 0.0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 3&#xa0;mol%. As antimony doping increased, the density rose from 3.1925 towards 3.2986&#xa0;g/cm<sup>3</sup>. SEM and EDX examinations were performed to look into the morphology for the glasses. The FTIR results clearly show that the addition of Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> alters the glass structure and forming Sb–O–B or Sb–O–Si bonds. Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-doped glass composites’ dielectric characteristics are assessed at various frequencies. Permittivity decreases with Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> doping due to limited charge mobility and charge localization. The glass specimen that has been loaded with 1.5 Sb has the lowest permittivity and ac conductivity, making it an attractive option for packing materials. Phy-X/PSD software was utilized to estimate the mean free path (G<sub><b>MF</b></sub>), effective electron density (G<sub><b>Neff</b></sub>), equivalent atomic number (G<sub><b>Zeq</b></sub>), effective conductivity (G<sub><b>Ceff</b></sub>), exposure buildup factor (G<sub><b>EBF</b></sub>), and energy absorption buildup factor (G<sub><b>EABF</b></sub>) of the glasses under investigation in gamma-ray energy range of 0.015&#xa0;MeV to 10&#xa0;MeV. The observed G<sub><b>EBF</b></sub> and G<sub><b>EABF</b></sub> are affected by the Sb<sub><b>2</b></sub>O<sub><b>3</b></sub> mol% composition of the glass sample, penetration depths, and photon energy. Additionally, the FNRCS (fast neutron removal cross-section) was examined. The results showed that the Sb-3.0 sample had a good protective capacity against gamma radiation when compared to other samples under examination.</p>

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Influence of Sb2O3 Doping on Dielectric Behavior and Gamma-Ray Shielding Efficiency of Borate-Based Glasses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月16日

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  • Aljawhara Almuqrin,
  • Jamelah S. Al-Otaibi,
  • Norah Alwadai,
  • Badriah Albarzan,
  • M. S. Shams,
  • Yasser S. Rammah,
  • R. A. Elsad

摘要

Several nuclear shielding parameters, physical structure, plus dielectric features were investigated for the glass system 45 B2O3 − 15 SiO2 − 20BaF2 − (20 − x) Na2O − x Sb2O3 with x = 0.0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 3 mol%. As antimony doping increased, the density rose from 3.1925 towards 3.2986 g/cm3. SEM and EDX examinations were performed to look into the morphology for the glasses. The FTIR results clearly show that the addition of Sb2O3 alters the glass structure and forming Sb–O–B or Sb–O–Si bonds. Sb2O3-doped glass composites’ dielectric characteristics are assessed at various frequencies. Permittivity decreases with Sb2O3 doping due to limited charge mobility and charge localization. The glass specimen that has been loaded with 1.5 Sb has the lowest permittivity and ac conductivity, making it an attractive option for packing materials. Phy-X/PSD software was utilized to estimate the mean free path (GMF), effective electron density (GNeff), equivalent atomic number (GZeq), effective conductivity (GCeff), exposure buildup factor (GEBF), and energy absorption buildup factor (GEABF) of the glasses under investigation in gamma-ray energy range of 0.015 MeV to 10 MeV. The observed GEBF and GEABF are affected by the Sb2O3 mol% composition of the glass sample, penetration depths, and photon energy. Additionally, the FNRCS (fast neutron removal cross-section) was examined. The results showed that the Sb-3.0 sample had a good protective capacity against gamma radiation when compared to other samples under examination.