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<p>BiOBr-based nanocomposites are emerging as efficient photocatalysts owing to their narrow bandgap and layered structure. This review highlights recent progress in CIP degradation using modified BiOBr systems, emphasizing how synthesis routes—particularly solvothermal and hydrothermal—tailor optical response and morphology. The influence of operational variables, including initial CIP concentration, dopant type/content, semiconductor coupling, pH, and coexisting ions, is critically compared. Noteworthy results show that CdSe/Se/BiOBr and S/BiOBr achieved 100% CIP removal within 30&#xa0;min, while BiOBr/carbon quantum dot/saponite composites attained ~ 95% removal in just 5&#xa0;min. An increased pollutant load reduced efficiency, whereas heterojunction formation consistently boosted activity, with a neutral pH proving most favorable. Reusability assessments revealed a loss of less than 10% over five cycles. Mechanistic insights confirm that ROS-mediated pathways drive C–O/C–N bond cleavage, defluorination, decarboxylation, and ring opening. Structural modifications improving charge separation and light absorption are summarized. Toxicity evaluations indicate notable reductions in both acute and chronic effects following degradation. Among reported photocatalysts, CdSe/Se/BiOBr exhibited exceptional energy efficiency (0.002 kWh/L) and low operational cost (0.0077 INR mg⁻¹), underscoring its practical potential and demonstrating the superiority of BiOBr-based photocatalysts over conventional alternatives. A comparative assessment further confirmed the superior performance of BiOBr over conventional photocatalysts.</p>

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Advances in BiOBr-Based Nanocomposites for Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin Degradation in Aqueous Systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月5日

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  • Upasana Priyadarshini,
  • Remya Neelancherry,
  • Md Ashhar Uddin

摘要

BiOBr-based nanocomposites are emerging as efficient photocatalysts owing to their narrow bandgap and layered structure. This review highlights recent progress in CIP degradation using modified BiOBr systems, emphasizing how synthesis routes—particularly solvothermal and hydrothermal—tailor optical response and morphology. The influence of operational variables, including initial CIP concentration, dopant type/content, semiconductor coupling, pH, and coexisting ions, is critically compared. Noteworthy results show that CdSe/Se/BiOBr and S/BiOBr achieved 100% CIP removal within 30 min, while BiOBr/carbon quantum dot/saponite composites attained ~ 95% removal in just 5 min. An increased pollutant load reduced efficiency, whereas heterojunction formation consistently boosted activity, with a neutral pH proving most favorable. Reusability assessments revealed a loss of less than 10% over five cycles. Mechanistic insights confirm that ROS-mediated pathways drive C–O/C–N bond cleavage, defluorination, decarboxylation, and ring opening. Structural modifications improving charge separation and light absorption are summarized. Toxicity evaluations indicate notable reductions in both acute and chronic effects following degradation. Among reported photocatalysts, CdSe/Se/BiOBr exhibited exceptional energy efficiency (0.002 kWh/L) and low operational cost (0.0077 INR mg⁻¹), underscoring its practical potential and demonstrating the superiority of BiOBr-based photocatalysts over conventional alternatives. A comparative assessment further confirmed the superior performance of BiOBr over conventional photocatalysts.