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<p>Hydrogels, while attractive for biomedical and industrial applications, frequently suffer from insufficient mechanical strength, elasticity, and thermal stability, limiting their practical utility. To address this limitation, we developed a new nanocomposite hydrogel by grafting gum acacia (GA) with poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) [GA-gPDMAAm] <i>via</i> free-radical polymerization using ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator and N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as cross-linker. The hydrogel network was reinforced with nickel–cobalt ferrite (NiCoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, NCF) nanoparticles incorporated in varying loadings (10–60 wt%). Structural confirmation was achieved through FTIR, which showed characteristic amide I (~ 1650&#xa0;cm<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>) and amide II (~ 1550&#xa0;cm<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>) bands along with Fe–O stretching (~ 580&#xa0;cm⁻¹), while XRD, FESEM, and TGA verified crystalline reinforcement, uniform particle dispersion, and enhanced stability. Rheological studies demonstrated that an intermediate nanoparticle concentration (NCF-3) provided optimal reinforcement, manifesting in a higher storage modulus, improved yield stress, and reduced damping factor compared to both pristine and overloaded systems. Herschel–Bulkley model fitting confirmed pseudoplastic and non-Newtonian behavior, supporting potential for injectable and 3D-printable applications. Mechanical testing further validated maximum elasticity and toughness at NCF-3. Swelling studies revealed controlled network density, with water uptake recovering to ~ 9.37&#xa0;g/g, indicating maintenance of permeability despite reinforcement. Thermogravimetric analysis established delayed decomposition and stability up to 688&#xa0;°C due to constrained polymer chain mobility and strong filler–matrix interactions. Collectively, this work provides a scientifically robust preparation strategy to overcome mechanical weaknesses of conventional hydrogels, demonstrating that GA-g-PDMAAm/NCF nanocomposite hydrogels are promising multifunctional materials for applications demanding robust, elastic, and thermally stable networks.</p>

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Rheo-Mechanical Insights into Gum Acacia-grafted-Poly(N,N-Dimethylacrylamide) Hydrogels Reinforced with Nickel–Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月13日

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  • Pragnesh N. Dave,
  • Sanjay Bamaniya,
  • Pallavi Singh

摘要

Hydrogels, while attractive for biomedical and industrial applications, frequently suffer from insufficient mechanical strength, elasticity, and thermal stability, limiting their practical utility. To address this limitation, we developed a new nanocomposite hydrogel by grafting gum acacia (GA) with poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) [GA-gPDMAAm] via free-radical polymerization using ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator and N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as cross-linker. The hydrogel network was reinforced with nickel–cobalt ferrite (NiCoFe2O4, NCF) nanoparticles incorporated in varying loadings (10–60 wt%). Structural confirmation was achieved through FTIR, which showed characteristic amide I (~ 1650 cm−1) and amide II (~ 1550 cm−1) bands along with Fe–O stretching (~ 580 cm⁻¹), while XRD, FESEM, and TGA verified crystalline reinforcement, uniform particle dispersion, and enhanced stability. Rheological studies demonstrated that an intermediate nanoparticle concentration (NCF-3) provided optimal reinforcement, manifesting in a higher storage modulus, improved yield stress, and reduced damping factor compared to both pristine and overloaded systems. Herschel–Bulkley model fitting confirmed pseudoplastic and non-Newtonian behavior, supporting potential for injectable and 3D-printable applications. Mechanical testing further validated maximum elasticity and toughness at NCF-3. Swelling studies revealed controlled network density, with water uptake recovering to ~ 9.37 g/g, indicating maintenance of permeability despite reinforcement. Thermogravimetric analysis established delayed decomposition and stability up to 688 °C due to constrained polymer chain mobility and strong filler–matrix interactions. Collectively, this work provides a scientifically robust preparation strategy to overcome mechanical weaknesses of conventional hydrogels, demonstrating that GA-g-PDMAAm/NCF nanocomposite hydrogels are promising multifunctional materials for applications demanding robust, elastic, and thermally stable networks.