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<p>This work presents a sustainable Katira/Corn Starch hydrogel, reinforced with terephthalic dihydrazide-functionalized cherry stone nanoparticles (TDH-CSNPs), as an effective adsorbent for removing heavy metals like Ni and Hg from water separately. The primary objective is to address the shortcomings of traditional biosorbents, such as low adsorption capacity and high cost, by employing a green synthesis method and utilizing fillers derived from waste materials. The hydrogel achieved actual removal capacities of 300&#xa0;mg/g for Ni(II) (90%) and 266.6&#xa0;mg/g for Hg(II) (80%) under optimized conditions. We made the hydrogels using thermal polymerization and characterized them using FT-IR, XRD, Raman, SEM, TEM, BET, EDS/mapping, and zeta potential measurements. The zeta potential exhibited a moderately negative surface charge of − 5.4 mV, attributed to the presence of carboxylate, hydroxyl, and hydrazide groups. Batch adsorption tests for Ni(II) and Hg(II) included systematic isotherm modeling (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin) and kinetic analyses based on real experimental data. The Langmuir model correlation coefficients (R<sup>²</sup>) were 0.9947 for Ni(II) and 0.9766 for Hg(II). This confirms the presence of a monolayer and uniform adsorption at the surface. The Freundlich and Temkin fits, with R<sup>²</sup> values greater than 0.93, also indicated favorable mixed interactions. The adsorption data for both Ni(II) and Hg(II) fit well with both the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The correlation coefficients were high: R<sup>²</sup> = 0.9905 for Ni(II) and 0.9934 for Hg(II) in the pseudo-first-order model, and R² = 0.9680 for Ni(II) and 0.9773 for Hg(II) in the pseudo-second-order model. Near-complete equilibrium was reached in 90–120&#xa0;min. It also exhibited strong isotherm fits (R² &gt;0.97), rapid removal at pH 7.0 for Ni and pH 5.0 for Hg, impressive swelling (1600%), and good reusability (over 60–65% removal after six cycles). An economic analysis indicated savings in materials and energy. By combining locally sourced, renewable biopolymers with waste-derived PET and cherry stone nanoparticles, this platform significantly improves eco-friendly water purification and fills key performance gaps in existing research. It does this through validated uptake models, better selectivity, and principles of a circular economy.</p>

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TDH-CSNP-Loaded Katira/Corn Starch Hydrogels for Eco-friendly Heavy Metal Remediation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月31日

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  • Farzad Arjmand,
  • Ahmad Poursattar Marjani

摘要

This work presents a sustainable Katira/Corn Starch hydrogel, reinforced with terephthalic dihydrazide-functionalized cherry stone nanoparticles (TDH-CSNPs), as an effective adsorbent for removing heavy metals like Ni and Hg from water separately. The primary objective is to address the shortcomings of traditional biosorbents, such as low adsorption capacity and high cost, by employing a green synthesis method and utilizing fillers derived from waste materials. The hydrogel achieved actual removal capacities of 300 mg/g for Ni(II) (90%) and 266.6 mg/g for Hg(II) (80%) under optimized conditions. We made the hydrogels using thermal polymerization and characterized them using FT-IR, XRD, Raman, SEM, TEM, BET, EDS/mapping, and zeta potential measurements. The zeta potential exhibited a moderately negative surface charge of − 5.4 mV, attributed to the presence of carboxylate, hydroxyl, and hydrazide groups. Batch adsorption tests for Ni(II) and Hg(II) included systematic isotherm modeling (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin) and kinetic analyses based on real experimental data. The Langmuir model correlation coefficients (R²) were 0.9947 for Ni(II) and 0.9766 for Hg(II). This confirms the presence of a monolayer and uniform adsorption at the surface. The Freundlich and Temkin fits, with R² values greater than 0.93, also indicated favorable mixed interactions. The adsorption data for both Ni(II) and Hg(II) fit well with both the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The correlation coefficients were high: R² = 0.9905 for Ni(II) and 0.9934 for Hg(II) in the pseudo-first-order model, and R² = 0.9680 for Ni(II) and 0.9773 for Hg(II) in the pseudo-second-order model. Near-complete equilibrium was reached in 90–120 min. It also exhibited strong isotherm fits (R² >0.97), rapid removal at pH 7.0 for Ni and pH 5.0 for Hg, impressive swelling (1600%), and good reusability (over 60–65% removal after six cycles). An economic analysis indicated savings in materials and energy. By combining locally sourced, renewable biopolymers with waste-derived PET and cherry stone nanoparticles, this platform significantly improves eco-friendly water purification and fills key performance gaps in existing research. It does this through validated uptake models, better selectivity, and principles of a circular economy.