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<p>Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)-based nanocomposites were successfully fabricated via melt blending by incorporating 3–7 wt% of either MOF-2 or a hybrid nanofiller system consisting of MOF-2 and epoxy-functionalized graphene (EFG) in equal parts. MOF-2 was selected for its porosity and tunable chemistry to enhance barrier properties, while EFG was added for its high surface area and epoxy groups to improve interfacial adhesion and synergistic reinforcement. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization demonstrated that both the nanofiller type and concentration substantially influenced the structural and functional performance of the PBAT matrix. Improved nanofiller dispersion and interfacial adhesion were confirmed by XRD and SEM, particularly at 5 and 7 wt% hybrid loadings. Rheological analyses revealed enhanced viscoelastic behavior, indicating stronger polymer–nanofiller interactions. Thermal analyses showed increased thermal stability and crystallinity, with the crystallinity rising from 5.78% in neat PBAT to 10.63% in the 7 wt% hybrid system. Dynamic mechanical analysis also confirmed reinforcement through higher storage moduli. Barrier property measurements revealed notable enhancements: water vapor permeability decreased from 3.41 to 2.10 × 10⁻¹¹ g/m·s·Pa, while oxygen transmission rate dropped from 1052 to 374&#xa0;ml/m²/day. These improvements are attributed to the formation of a tortuous path by the nanofillers, which effectively hinders gas and moisture diffusion. Furthermore, surface energy increased with nanofiller content, from 46.84&#xa0;mJ/m² in neat PBAT to 55.64&#xa0;mJ/m² in the hybrid-filled sample, accompanied by a reduced water contact angle (from 85.86° to 74.38°), indicating enhanced polarity and hydrophilicity. A slight density increase was also observed. Altogether, the synergistic use of MOF-2 and EFG significantly improved the multifunctional properties of PBAT, making these nanocomposites excellent candidates for sustainable and high-performance food packaging.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Composite Nanoarchitectonics of Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Reinforced with Metal-Organic Framework (MOF-2) and Epoxy-Functionalized Graphene (EFG) for Sustainable Food Packaging

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月15日

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  • Fatima Benbelaid,
  • Boubkeur Seddik Bouakaz,
  • Abdelhai Aouaitia,
  • Nahed Hermassi,
  • Erwan Vasseur,
  • Gilles Ausias,
  • Yves Grohens,
  • Abderrahmane Habi

摘要

Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)-based nanocomposites were successfully fabricated via melt blending by incorporating 3–7 wt% of either MOF-2 or a hybrid nanofiller system consisting of MOF-2 and epoxy-functionalized graphene (EFG) in equal parts. MOF-2 was selected for its porosity and tunable chemistry to enhance barrier properties, while EFG was added for its high surface area and epoxy groups to improve interfacial adhesion and synergistic reinforcement. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization demonstrated that both the nanofiller type and concentration substantially influenced the structural and functional performance of the PBAT matrix. Improved nanofiller dispersion and interfacial adhesion were confirmed by XRD and SEM, particularly at 5 and 7 wt% hybrid loadings. Rheological analyses revealed enhanced viscoelastic behavior, indicating stronger polymer–nanofiller interactions. Thermal analyses showed increased thermal stability and crystallinity, with the crystallinity rising from 5.78% in neat PBAT to 10.63% in the 7 wt% hybrid system. Dynamic mechanical analysis also confirmed reinforcement through higher storage moduli. Barrier property measurements revealed notable enhancements: water vapor permeability decreased from 3.41 to 2.10 × 10⁻¹¹ g/m·s·Pa, while oxygen transmission rate dropped from 1052 to 374 ml/m²/day. These improvements are attributed to the formation of a tortuous path by the nanofillers, which effectively hinders gas and moisture diffusion. Furthermore, surface energy increased with nanofiller content, from 46.84 mJ/m² in neat PBAT to 55.64 mJ/m² in the hybrid-filled sample, accompanied by a reduced water contact angle (from 85.86° to 74.38°), indicating enhanced polarity and hydrophilicity. A slight density increase was also observed. Altogether, the synergistic use of MOF-2 and EFG significantly improved the multifunctional properties of PBAT, making these nanocomposites excellent candidates for sustainable and high-performance food packaging.

Graphical Abstract