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<p>Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries face significant challenges due to the shuttle effect caused by polysulfide dissolution, which severely limits their cycling stability and lifespan. In this study, a hierarchical composite membrane of carbon nanotubes embedded in carbon nanofibers (PCNF/T) was successfully fabricated through electrospinning and high-temperature solid-phase methods. PCNF/T@MoS<sub>2</sub> composites were synthesized via hydrothermal treatment of PCNF/T with molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) at different reaction times. The optimized 18-PCNF/T@MoS<sub>2</sub> cathode demonstrated exceptional electrochemical performance, delivering an initial discharge capacity of 1049.92 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 1&#xa0;C with a capacity decay rate of 0.07% over 200 cycles. Even under high sulfur loading conditions (4&#xa0;mg cm<sup>−2</sup>), the composite maintained 87% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.2&#xa0;C. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further confirmed the strong adsorption capability of MoS<sub>2</sub> toward polysulfides.</p> Graphical abstract <p>The addition of MoS<sub>2</sub> catalyst to PCNF/T can accelerate the <?tk 3?>reaction kinetics of polysulfides <?tk 3?>and reduce the battery impedance.</p> <p></p>

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Hierarchical engineering of MoS2-embedded carbon nanofiber cathodes via annealing time modulation for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月19日

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  • Yingqi Shi,
  • Hua Du,
  • Ling Chen,
  • Yiyang Chen,
  • Peng Xu,
  • Jiaojing Shao

摘要

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries face significant challenges due to the shuttle effect caused by polysulfide dissolution, which severely limits their cycling stability and lifespan. In this study, a hierarchical composite membrane of carbon nanotubes embedded in carbon nanofibers (PCNF/T) was successfully fabricated through electrospinning and high-temperature solid-phase methods. PCNF/T@MoS2 composites were synthesized via hydrothermal treatment of PCNF/T with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) at different reaction times. The optimized 18-PCNF/T@MoS2 cathode demonstrated exceptional electrochemical performance, delivering an initial discharge capacity of 1049.92 mAh g−1 at 1 C with a capacity decay rate of 0.07% over 200 cycles. Even under high sulfur loading conditions (4 mg cm−2), the composite maintained 87% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.2 C. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further confirmed the strong adsorption capability of MoS2 toward polysulfides.

Graphical abstract

The addition of MoS2 catalyst to PCNF/T can accelerate the reaction kinetics of polysulfides and reduce the battery impedance.