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<p>Ni<sub>0.5</sub>Cd<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>2–x</sub>Cr<sub>x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (X = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) nanoparticles were synthesized via a sol–gel auto-combustion method to investigate the effect of Cr³⁺ substitution on the structural, vibrational, morphological, compositional, and magnetic properties of spinel ferrites. Thermal and structural analyses confirmed the formation of a thermally stable, single-phase cubic spinel structure across all compositions, with decreasing lattice parameters and unit cell volume due to the smaller ionic radius of Cr³⁺. Crystallite size exhibited a non-linear trend with increasing Cr content, accompanied by rising microstrain and defect density, indicating lattice distortion. Raman and FTIR spectroscopy revealed redshifts and force constant reductions, confirming weakened metal–oxygen bonding and enhanced structural disorder. Microscopy analyses confirmed nanoscale crystallinity, uniform elemental distribution, and refined morphology with increasing Cr doping. Magnetic measurements showed a reduction in saturation magnetization and remanence up to X = 0.6, followed by partial recovery and increased coercivity at higher Cr levels, indicative of tunable magnetocrystalline anisotropy driven by cationic redistribution and lattice strain. These findings underscore the role of Cr³⁺ substitution in modulating the physicochemical behavior of Ni–Cd ferrite nanoparticles for potential applications in spintronic devices, microwave absorbers, and magnetic storage.</p>

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Cr³⁺ Substitution in Ni–Cd Ferrite Nanoparticles: Structural, Vibrational, and Magnetic Property Tuning via Sol–Gel Synthesis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月5日

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  • Krushna J. Langade,
  • Priyanka G. Patil,
  • S. K. Vyawahare

摘要

Ni0.5Cd0.5Fe2–xCrxO4 (X = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) nanoparticles were synthesized via a sol–gel auto-combustion method to investigate the effect of Cr³⁺ substitution on the structural, vibrational, morphological, compositional, and magnetic properties of spinel ferrites. Thermal and structural analyses confirmed the formation of a thermally stable, single-phase cubic spinel structure across all compositions, with decreasing lattice parameters and unit cell volume due to the smaller ionic radius of Cr³⁺. Crystallite size exhibited a non-linear trend with increasing Cr content, accompanied by rising microstrain and defect density, indicating lattice distortion. Raman and FTIR spectroscopy revealed redshifts and force constant reductions, confirming weakened metal–oxygen bonding and enhanced structural disorder. Microscopy analyses confirmed nanoscale crystallinity, uniform elemental distribution, and refined morphology with increasing Cr doping. Magnetic measurements showed a reduction in saturation magnetization and remanence up to X = 0.6, followed by partial recovery and increased coercivity at higher Cr levels, indicative of tunable magnetocrystalline anisotropy driven by cationic redistribution and lattice strain. These findings underscore the role of Cr³⁺ substitution in modulating the physicochemical behavior of Ni–Cd ferrite nanoparticles for potential applications in spintronic devices, microwave absorbers, and magnetic storage.