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<p>The present work investigates the electrochemical sensing of lead ions, which are prevalent groundwater pollutants in both water and soil. It emphasizes chemical and green synthesis of lanthanum oxide from <i>Sesbania grandiflora</i> and <i>Moringa oleifera leaves</i>, synthesized through the hydrothermal route. Structural and morphological properties were investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). XRD analysis confirmed the body-centered cubic phase structure of lanthanum oxide, with crystallite sizes of AOH, MOH, and LOH measured at 1.58&#xa0;nm, 1.935&#xa0;nm, and 13.034&#xa0;nm, respectively. XPS spectrum revealed the presence of lanthanum at La 3d<sub>3/2</sub> and La 3d<sub>5/2</sub>, with oxygen at the O1s spectrum. HRTEM images confirmed an irregular cubic structure, with mean particle sizes of AOH, MOH, and LOH measured at 31.83&#xa0;nm, 46.28&#xa0;nm, and 48.31&#xa0;nm, respectively. AOH based lanthanum oxide have a high surface area compared to other materials with smaller particles size. The electrochemical performance of the synthesized lanthanum oxide materials was assessed for lead ion detection. Among the three samples, <i>Sesbania grandiflora</i> leaf-derived lanthanum oxide showed the highest sensitivity, with a response of 62.63 µA µM<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup>, a detection limit of 0.215 µM, and a quantification limit of 0.708 µM with a linear detection range of 1–10 µM. These results demonstrate the potential of green-synthesized lanthanum oxide from <i>Sesbania grandiflora</i> leaves (AOH) for eco-friendly monitoring of heavy metal pollutants.</p>

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Dopant-Free, Phyto-Assisted Lanthanum Oxide Nanomaterial for Sustainable Electrochemical Detection of Heavy Metal Lead (Pb2+)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月21日

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  • Dhanalakshmi C.,
  • Lakshmi Priya G.

摘要

The present work investigates the electrochemical sensing of lead ions, which are prevalent groundwater pollutants in both water and soil. It emphasizes chemical and green synthesis of lanthanum oxide from Sesbania grandiflora and Moringa oleifera leaves, synthesized through the hydrothermal route. Structural and morphological properties were investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). XRD analysis confirmed the body-centered cubic phase structure of lanthanum oxide, with crystallite sizes of AOH, MOH, and LOH measured at 1.58 nm, 1.935 nm, and 13.034 nm, respectively. XPS spectrum revealed the presence of lanthanum at La 3d3/2 and La 3d5/2, with oxygen at the O1s spectrum. HRTEM images confirmed an irregular cubic structure, with mean particle sizes of AOH, MOH, and LOH measured at 31.83 nm, 46.28 nm, and 48.31 nm, respectively. AOH based lanthanum oxide have a high surface area compared to other materials with smaller particles size. The electrochemical performance of the synthesized lanthanum oxide materials was assessed for lead ion detection. Among the three samples, Sesbania grandiflora leaf-derived lanthanum oxide showed the highest sensitivity, with a response of 62.63 µA µM−1 cm−2, a detection limit of 0.215 µM, and a quantification limit of 0.708 µM with a linear detection range of 1–10 µM. These results demonstrate the potential of green-synthesized lanthanum oxide from Sesbania grandiflora leaves (AOH) for eco-friendly monitoring of heavy metal pollutants.