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<p>A series of glass-ceramics was synthesized from a ternary system comprising the glass-forming oxide B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, granite sludge waste, and varying amounts of the heavy metal oxide (HMO) Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, using a controlled heat-treatment process guided by differential thermal analysis (DTA). The crystallization behavior was optimized based on DTA results, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) were used to characterize the crystalline phases and microstructure. XRD analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of the parent glasses. Upon heat treatment at 600&#xa0;°C, crystallization was initiated with the formation of crystalline SiO<sub>2</sub> in both orthorhombic and tetragonal forms. At higher Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> concentrations, a monoclinic bismite phase also emerged. Further heating to 650&#xa0;°C led to the development of the same crystalline phases, but with significantly sharper and more intense diffraction peaks, indicating improved crystallinity. HRSEM imaging revealed hexagonal plate-like crystals in undoped samples, which transformed into petal-shaped morphologies as the Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content increased to 10 wt%. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy confirmed the elemental compositions corresponding to the crystalline phases identified by XRD. Photoluminescence measurements showed blue emission at 448&#xa0;nm in both glass and glass-ceramic samples, attributed to radiative transitions of excited Bi³⁺ ions or defect-related luminescent centers. Microhardness testing indicated a reduction in hardness with increasing Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content; however, the glass-ceramics exhibited significantly higher hardness than their amorphous counterparts, due to crystallization during heat treatment. This study demonstrates a sustainable method for recycling solid waste into functional glass-ceramics and highlights their potential applications in structural materials and optoelectronics.</p>

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Sustainable Synthesis and Characterization of Bi2O3 Doped Borate Glass-Ceramics from Granite Sludge Waste with Emphasis on Structure, Luminescence and Mechanical Properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月9日

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  • M. A. Marzouk,
  • R. M. Khattab,
  • H. E. H. Sadek,
  • Momen M. Ali,
  • I. S. Ali

摘要

A series of glass-ceramics was synthesized from a ternary system comprising the glass-forming oxide B2O3, granite sludge waste, and varying amounts of the heavy metal oxide (HMO) Bi2O3, using a controlled heat-treatment process guided by differential thermal analysis (DTA). The crystallization behavior was optimized based on DTA results, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) were used to characterize the crystalline phases and microstructure. XRD analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of the parent glasses. Upon heat treatment at 600 °C, crystallization was initiated with the formation of crystalline SiO2 in both orthorhombic and tetragonal forms. At higher Bi2O3 concentrations, a monoclinic bismite phase also emerged. Further heating to 650 °C led to the development of the same crystalline phases, but with significantly sharper and more intense diffraction peaks, indicating improved crystallinity. HRSEM imaging revealed hexagonal plate-like crystals in undoped samples, which transformed into petal-shaped morphologies as the Bi2O3 content increased to 10 wt%. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy confirmed the elemental compositions corresponding to the crystalline phases identified by XRD. Photoluminescence measurements showed blue emission at 448 nm in both glass and glass-ceramic samples, attributed to radiative transitions of excited Bi³⁺ ions or defect-related luminescent centers. Microhardness testing indicated a reduction in hardness with increasing Bi2O3 content; however, the glass-ceramics exhibited significantly higher hardness than their amorphous counterparts, due to crystallization during heat treatment. This study demonstrates a sustainable method for recycling solid waste into functional glass-ceramics and highlights their potential applications in structural materials and optoelectronics.