<p>Fluorescent graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (g-CNQDs) are an intriguing family of nanostructures that offer a non-toxic, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly alternative, in contrast with traditional semiconductor quantum dots. This review article outlines the recent advances in the synthesis techniques and bioanalytical applications of g-CNQDs. A notable advantage of g-CNQDs is their tunable fluorescence and robust photoluminescence emission, which are attributed to their diminutive size. They can be efficiently synthesised using cost-effective top-down and bottom-up approaches including top-down techniques such as evaporation–condensation, electrochemical modification, chemical oxidation, and solvothermal, hydrothermal, and microwave-assisted processes. Each technique offers distinct advantages that facilitate the production of g-CNQDs with diverse sizes and properties tailored for specific applications. This research highlights important findings about the remarkable photoluminescence characteristics and structural robustness of g-CNQDs, which make them suited for a variety of bioanalytical applications, especially the detection of fluorescent biomolecules. Crucially, g-CNQDs show excellent sensitivity and selectivity in detecting environmental pollutants and biomolecules. The recent advancements in the synthesis techniques and bioanalytical applications of g-CNQDs as fluorescence biosensors have been addressed in this review article. In addition, the challenges and opportunities of g-CNQDs improvement in order to efficiently utilize them in the biological community are also discussed. Apart from providing valuable suggestions for researchers and promoting the progress of zero-dimensional (0D) materials in biotechnology, it also highlights the immense potential to revolutionize bioanalytics and beyond.</p>