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<p>Iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted the significant attention of scientific community due to their unique properties and biocompatibility. The current study was aimed to develop an eco-friendly, sustainable and green chemistry protocol for synthesizing IONPs using aqueous extract of novel medicinal plant <i>Astragalus anisacanthus</i>. The synthesis of IONPs was confirmed through various analytical techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, FT-IR, DLS, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and XRD. Using the Scherer equation, the average crystallite size was calculated as 18.51 nm. The presence of various functional groups involved in the synthesis, capping, and stability of IONPs has been confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The biosynthesized IONPs were tested against different fungal and bacterial strains at varying concentrations (1000–32 µg/mL). IONPs showed strong antibacterial potentials, where <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> showed higher susceptibility with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 32 µg/mL, whereas <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> showed the highest resistance with a MIC of 125 µg/mL. The antifungal potential was evaluated against a variety of fungal strains. The results revealed <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> as the most resistant (MIC: 125 µg/mL), whereas <i>Mucor racemosus</i> and <i>Aspergillus niger</i> were the most sensitive (MIC: 32 µg/mL). Further, cytotoxic potential was evaluated using brine shrimp assay (IC<sub>50</sub>: 40.70 µg/mL). DPPH free radical scavenging test was performed to assess the antioxidant capacity and the results indicated 79% activity. In conclusion, IONPs have shown significant in vitro biological activities, emphasizing additional in vivo research using a variety of animal models to investigate their diverse in vivo biological potentials.</p>

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Biosynthesis of Phytochemical-Adorned Green Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Via Astragalus anisacanthus Extract and Evaluation of Biological Potentials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月10日

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  • Rafi Ullah,
  • Javed Iqbal,
  • Banzeer Ahsan Abbasi,
  • Shumaila Ijaz,
  • Farishta Zarshan,
  • Tabassum Yaseen,
  • Ghulam Murtaza,
  • Turki M. Dawoud,
  • M. Ajmal Ali,
  • Lala Gurbanova,
  • Rashid Iqbal

摘要

Iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted the significant attention of scientific community due to their unique properties and biocompatibility. The current study was aimed to develop an eco-friendly, sustainable and green chemistry protocol for synthesizing IONPs using aqueous extract of novel medicinal plant Astragalus anisacanthus. The synthesis of IONPs was confirmed through various analytical techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, FT-IR, DLS, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and XRD. Using the Scherer equation, the average crystallite size was calculated as 18.51 nm. The presence of various functional groups involved in the synthesis, capping, and stability of IONPs has been confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The biosynthesized IONPs were tested against different fungal and bacterial strains at varying concentrations (1000–32 µg/mL). IONPs showed strong antibacterial potentials, where Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus showed higher susceptibility with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 32 µg/mL, whereas Klebsiella pneumoniae showed the highest resistance with a MIC of 125 µg/mL. The antifungal potential was evaluated against a variety of fungal strains. The results revealed Aspergillus flavus as the most resistant (MIC: 125 µg/mL), whereas Mucor racemosus and Aspergillus niger were the most sensitive (MIC: 32 µg/mL). Further, cytotoxic potential was evaluated using brine shrimp assay (IC50: 40.70 µg/mL). DPPH free radical scavenging test was performed to assess the antioxidant capacity and the results indicated 79% activity. In conclusion, IONPs have shown significant in vitro biological activities, emphasizing additional in vivo research using a variety of animal models to investigate their diverse in vivo biological potentials.