<p>Graphene oxide (GO) is a highly versatile material known for its exceptional surface area, functionalization potential, and superior electrochemical properties, making it ideal for heavy metal detection. The detection of antimony is particularly critical due to its toxic effects on human health and the environment, necessitating the development of sensitive and selective sensors. This study investigates the efficiency of GO for Antimony detection, leveraging a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches. GO was synthesized and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy to confirm its structural and morphological properties. Density functional theory calculations were performed to understand the interaction between antimony ions and GO at the molecular level. Electrochemical techniques, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), Tafel plot analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), were employed to evaluate the sensing capabilities of the GO toward antimony detection. CV was done in the potential range of + 1.5 to -1.5&#xa0;V with instrument sensitivity at 1 × 10<sup>− 4</sup>. The calculated LOD for antimony detection using the GO-modified GCE is approximately 3.36 × 10<sup>− 6</sup> M, indicating high sensitivity. The LOQ calculated is 1.12 × 10<sup>− 5</sup> M. The mixing study found that a maximum of 11 antimony atoms could bind to a 3 × 3 GO sheet.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Graphene Oxide for Antimony Sensing: An Integrated Electrochemical, Spectroscopic, and Computational Study

  • Mohd. Aslam,
  • Ayushi Prajapat,
  • Bhaskara Nand,
  • Snigdha Singh,
  • Ramesh Chandra,
  • Kamlesh Kumari,
  • Garima Pandey,
  • Prashant Singh

摘要

Graphene oxide (GO) is a highly versatile material known for its exceptional surface area, functionalization potential, and superior electrochemical properties, making it ideal for heavy metal detection. The detection of antimony is particularly critical due to its toxic effects on human health and the environment, necessitating the development of sensitive and selective sensors. This study investigates the efficiency of GO for Antimony detection, leveraging a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches. GO was synthesized and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy to confirm its structural and morphological properties. Density functional theory calculations were performed to understand the interaction between antimony ions and GO at the molecular level. Electrochemical techniques, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), Tafel plot analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), were employed to evaluate the sensing capabilities of the GO toward antimony detection. CV was done in the potential range of + 1.5 to -1.5 V with instrument sensitivity at 1 × 10− 4. The calculated LOD for antimony detection using the GO-modified GCE is approximately 3.36 × 10− 6 M, indicating high sensitivity. The LOQ calculated is 1.12 × 10− 5 M. The mixing study found that a maximum of 11 antimony atoms could bind to a 3 × 3 GO sheet.

Graphical Abstract