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<p>This study reports the green synthesis of cobalt ferrite (CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles using <i>Brachychiton populneus</i> extract as a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical synthesis. The objective is to develop an eco-friendly nanomaterial with enhanced photocatalytic properties for wastewater treatment. The plant-based synthesis method minimizes reliance on harmful chemicals while improving particle size control and morphology. Chemically synthesized CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was also prepared for comparison. Both materials were characterized using XRD, VSM, FTIR, BET, FESEM-EDX, Zeta potential and UV-Vis DRS to evaluate their structural, magnetic, surface, and optical properties. The plant-based CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> exhibited superior textural features, including a higher surface area, smaller crystallite size, and a reduced bandgap energy of 1.59&#xa0;eV, enhancing its photocatalytic performance. Under visible light irradiation, it achieved 87% degradation of Congo Red (20&#xa0;mg/L) within 120&#xa0;min, following pseudo-first-order kinetics (<i>k</i> = 0.014&#xa0;min<sup>−1</sup>). Increasing the catalyst dosage to 150&#xa0;mg resulted in complete dye degradation within 30&#xa0;min. The degradation efficiency reached 89% at pH 9.0, demonstrating its effectiveness under alkaline conditions. This study highlights the novelty of green-synthesized CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> as a cost-effective and sustainable photocatalyst, contributing to wastewater treatment solutions in alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) on clean water and sanitation.</p> Graphical Abstract

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Biogenic Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized with Brachychiton populneus Extract for Visible-Light-Driven Dye Degradation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月18日

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  • Abdullah N. Alotaibi,
  • Yaaser Q. Almulaiky,
  • Abdullah Al-Dakhil,
  • Ibrahim O. Althobaiti,
  • Nahed S. E. Ahmed,
  • Reda M. El-Shishtawy

摘要

This study reports the green synthesis of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles using Brachychiton populneus extract as a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical synthesis. The objective is to develop an eco-friendly nanomaterial with enhanced photocatalytic properties for wastewater treatment. The plant-based synthesis method minimizes reliance on harmful chemicals while improving particle size control and morphology. Chemically synthesized CoFe2O4 was also prepared for comparison. Both materials were characterized using XRD, VSM, FTIR, BET, FESEM-EDX, Zeta potential and UV-Vis DRS to evaluate their structural, magnetic, surface, and optical properties. The plant-based CoFe2O4 exhibited superior textural features, including a higher surface area, smaller crystallite size, and a reduced bandgap energy of 1.59 eV, enhancing its photocatalytic performance. Under visible light irradiation, it achieved 87% degradation of Congo Red (20 mg/L) within 120 min, following pseudo-first-order kinetics (k = 0.014 min−1). Increasing the catalyst dosage to 150 mg resulted in complete dye degradation within 30 min. The degradation efficiency reached 89% at pH 9.0, demonstrating its effectiveness under alkaline conditions. This study highlights the novelty of green-synthesized CoFe2O4 as a cost-effective and sustainable photocatalyst, contributing to wastewater treatment solutions in alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) on clean water and sanitation.

Graphical Abstract