<p>Based on the duality of digital experiences, this study aims to explore the composite patterns and transitions of digital stress and digital flourishing among adolescents, along with their associations with mental health. A total of 818 Chinese middle school students (M_age = 12.75 years, 50.1% girls) completed three waves of data collection over a 12-month period. Latent profile analysis identified three distinct subgroups: <i>Stressless and Flourishing</i> adolescents reporting low digital stress and high digital flourishing, the <i>Stressed but Flourishing</i> exhibiting high digital stress and flourishing, and the <i>Stressless but Flourishless</i> exhibiting low digital stress and flourishing. Latent transition analysis showed that <i>Stressless and Flourishing</i> adolescents were more likely to maintain the positive state, and those in other groups tended to transition to it. Transitions between different subgroups were associated with changes in depressive symptoms and well-being. Findings highlight the heterogeneity and dynamic nature of adolescents’ digital experiences, as well as their significance for mental health.</p>