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<p>HOAs have become increasingly vital to the private governance of urban and suburban neighborhoods in the United States. This paper builds on earlier studies by examining residents’ lived experiences with HOA governance through an exit-voice theoretical framework. The study draws on a comprehensive database of association members’ complaints from South Carolina, United States, to reveal concerns about HOA governing documents and actions. The analysis shows that HOA members’ knowledge of their rights and obligations correlates with disagreement with the governing documents’ provisions and their enforcement. Additionally, the timing of the provision of the governing documents to a member, knowledge of HOA membership requirements before a house purchase, and the exhaustion of all available HOA remedies are positively associated with disagreements over the governing documents’ provisions. Verbatim complaints describe a lack of institutional transparency and unmet expectations from HOAs. The paper recommends government oversight to ensure that HOAs serve their constituents’ best interests.</p>

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Membership concerns of homeowners associations (HOAs)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月22日

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  • Kenneth Wemochiga Soyeh

摘要

HOAs have become increasingly vital to the private governance of urban and suburban neighborhoods in the United States. This paper builds on earlier studies by examining residents’ lived experiences with HOA governance through an exit-voice theoretical framework. The study draws on a comprehensive database of association members’ complaints from South Carolina, United States, to reveal concerns about HOA governing documents and actions. The analysis shows that HOA members’ knowledge of their rights and obligations correlates with disagreement with the governing documents’ provisions and their enforcement. Additionally, the timing of the provision of the governing documents to a member, knowledge of HOA membership requirements before a house purchase, and the exhaustion of all available HOA remedies are positively associated with disagreements over the governing documents’ provisions. Verbatim complaints describe a lack of institutional transparency and unmet expectations from HOAs. The paper recommends government oversight to ensure that HOAs serve their constituents’ best interests.