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<p>This research investigates prototyping as practice in sustainable low-cost housing through analysis of Chandigarh's government housing Types 12-JC, 13-J, and 14-J (1952-1955). Using mixed-methods combining archival analysis, site documentation, and comparative examination, the study reveals how iterative prototyping enabled systematic innovation within severe economic constraints. Findings demonstrate progressive refinement across housing typologies: Type 12-JC achieved spatial optimization through 8'-3" modular systems and brick jali climate solutions; Type 13-J introduced cluster planning and shared infrastructure strategies; Type 14-J eliminated steel/concrete while maintaining structural integrity. Each prototype built upon previous learnings, transforming resource limitations into architectural innovation catalysts. Key innovations include local material optimization (45% cost reduction), prefabrication techniques (30% construction time savings), and climate-responsive solutions validated through 70+ years of occupancy. However, limited user participation represents a critical gap requiring contemporary integration. The research develops a theoretical framework that views prototyping as crucial to meet the growing demand for affordable housing in developing nations, where by 2030, 1.2 billion more people would need to live in cities. The results inform practical strategies that integrate digital technologies, participatory design, and historical prototyping concepts.</p>

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Revisiting Chandigarh’s housing prototypes for sustainable development challenges

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月18日

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  • Vikas Chand Sharma,
  • Jit Kumar Gupta

摘要

This research investigates prototyping as practice in sustainable low-cost housing through analysis of Chandigarh's government housing Types 12-JC, 13-J, and 14-J (1952-1955). Using mixed-methods combining archival analysis, site documentation, and comparative examination, the study reveals how iterative prototyping enabled systematic innovation within severe economic constraints. Findings demonstrate progressive refinement across housing typologies: Type 12-JC achieved spatial optimization through 8'-3" modular systems and brick jali climate solutions; Type 13-J introduced cluster planning and shared infrastructure strategies; Type 14-J eliminated steel/concrete while maintaining structural integrity. Each prototype built upon previous learnings, transforming resource limitations into architectural innovation catalysts. Key innovations include local material optimization (45% cost reduction), prefabrication techniques (30% construction time savings), and climate-responsive solutions validated through 70+ years of occupancy. However, limited user participation represents a critical gap requiring contemporary integration. The research develops a theoretical framework that views prototyping as crucial to meet the growing demand for affordable housing in developing nations, where by 2030, 1.2 billion more people would need to live in cities. The results inform practical strategies that integrate digital technologies, participatory design, and historical prototyping concepts.