Scoping Review on the Utilization of the Violence against Women Act by Survivors: Gaps and Recommendations
摘要
Domestic violence (DV) is a public health crisis that impacts individuals nationally and globally. While DV can affect everyone, abuse rates are comparatively higher for immigrants with distinct impacts. The Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) is one of the main remedial provisions for survivors of DV to seek legal relief. This review aims to examine the utilization of VAWA with immigrants in the United States.
MethodsThis scoping review was conducted in September 2023, with the initial search of electronic databases resulting in 143 articles. The main research question was, “How has the Violence Against Women Act been utilized with immigrants in the U.S.?” Studies were included if they were peer-reviewed empirical articles, written in English. The final screening included seven articles published from 2008 to 2019, although no date restrictions were employed.
ResultsFindings from the review highlight that a large number of immigrant survivors are unaware of VAWA. Of those who utilized VAWA, the challenges faced by immigrant survivors include re-traumatization when engaging with the process of utilizing it, fear of being sent back to home country, adverse experiences with service providers and law enforcement, and the need to demonstrate that they were “good enough victims” i.e. cooperative with law enforcement.
DiscussionFindings highlight the need to provide training protocols for service providers and law enforcement, reduce the length of U-visa wait times as possible, and expedite work authorization and access to benefits for eligible survivors. Service providers are also encouraged to develop awareness modules for immigrant survivors.