<p>Bystander training programs are popular for preventing dating violence and sexual assault among adolescents and young adults. These programs, as a group, demonstrate efficacy in promoting positive attitudes and beliefs about violence prevention and self-efficacy in performing bystander behaviors. However, very little research has examined the effects of bystander training programs on non-targeted behaviors and cognitions. This special issue focuses, in part, on effects of bystander training programs on non-targeted outcomes. In this commentary, we highlight findings from this special issue on the positive effects of bystander training programs on substance use disorders and unintended pregnancy. We also point to other potential positive effects of bystander training programs, such as intervening in situations involving other types of violence or injustice. Additionally, we describe unintentional negative effects of bystander training programs, including harm to individuals engaging in bystander behaviors.</p>