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<p>Optical nanostructures have gained prominence as an efficient tool for bioimaging due to their distinctive capabilities, including tailorable optical features, bright emissions with excellent photostability, and cytocompatibility. In recent years, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) quantum dots have gained considerable attention within the domains of bioimaging. In this study, an extensive fabrication approach for L-cysteine decorated g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> quantum dots (L-cys-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> QDs) is developed, and their cytotoxicity is investigated in vitro to determine their potential as bioimaging tools. We synthesized g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanostructures by combining thermal polymerization and ultrasonic treatment. The g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> quantum dots decorated with L-cysteine by EDC/NHS coupling reaction. Afterward, the material was characterized using a range of techniques, including X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. For assessing the cytotoxicity potential of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> QDs and L-cys-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> QDs, cytotoxicity assays were conducted on breast cancer cell lines using MTT, ethidium bromide/acridine orange staining, and ROS analysis. These results indicate that g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> QDs and L-cys-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> QDs exhibited a non-toxic and biocompatible nature. Compared with g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> QDs, L-cys-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> QDs are highly biocompatible. The fluorescence properties of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> were further evaluated to investigate its potential as a bioimaging agent. This revealed g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> to be a suitable agent for imaging. The study provides insight into the synthesis and biocompatibility of L-cys-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> QDs, highlighting their potential for bioimaging applications.</p>

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Synthesis of Biocompatible L-cysteine Decorated Graphitic Carbon Nitride Quantum Dots for Bio-imaging of Breast Cancer Cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Jegan Athinarayanan,
  • Ali A Alshatwi

摘要

Optical nanostructures have gained prominence as an efficient tool for bioimaging due to their distinctive capabilities, including tailorable optical features, bright emissions with excellent photostability, and cytocompatibility. In recent years, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) quantum dots have gained considerable attention within the domains of bioimaging. In this study, an extensive fabrication approach for L-cysteine decorated g-C3N4 quantum dots (L-cys-g-C3N4 QDs) is developed, and their cytotoxicity is investigated in vitro to determine their potential as bioimaging tools. We synthesized g-C3N4 nanostructures by combining thermal polymerization and ultrasonic treatment. The g-C3N4 quantum dots decorated with L-cysteine by EDC/NHS coupling reaction. Afterward, the material was characterized using a range of techniques, including X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. For assessing the cytotoxicity potential of g-C3N4 QDs and L-cys-g-C3N4 QDs, cytotoxicity assays were conducted on breast cancer cell lines using MTT, ethidium bromide/acridine orange staining, and ROS analysis. These results indicate that g-C3N4 QDs and L-cys-g-C3N4 QDs exhibited a non-toxic and biocompatible nature. Compared with g-C3N4 QDs, L-cys-g-C3N4 QDs are highly biocompatible. The fluorescence properties of g-C3N4 were further evaluated to investigate its potential as a bioimaging agent. This revealed g-C3N4 to be a suitable agent for imaging. The study provides insight into the synthesis and biocompatibility of L-cys-g-C3N4 QDs, highlighting their potential for bioimaging applications.