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<p>A novel fluorescent probe bearing terpyridine unit was successfully synthesized via Kröhnke reaction. Its chemical structure was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy, HR-MS and NMR techniques. The theoretical molecular structure of the synthesized compound in the ground state was optimized by B3LYP/def2SVP level of theory. The fluorescent compound exhibits orange-yellow fluorescence and its optical properties were characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy in DMSO/H<sub>2</sub>O solution. The conjugated structure, linking donor and acceptor units, displayed a broad and intense absorption band spanning 200 to 400&#xa0;nm. Theoretical absorption spectra in DMSO/H<sub>2</sub>O solvent were calculated using the B3LYP/def2SVP method. While the fluorescent compound showed no specific metal ion recognition under neutral pH conditions, it exhibited remarkable selectivity for gallium ions under acidic conditions (pH &lt; 4.0). The binding affinity and fluorescence response of the compound towards Ga<sup>3+</sup> were systematically investigated using UV-Vis absorption spectra, fluorescence spectroscopy, and competitive ion experiments. Notably, protonation of the terpyridine moieties under acidic conditions likely enhances Ga<sup>3+</sup> coordination while minimizing interference from common coexisting ions (e.g., Al<sup>3+</sup>, Fe<sup>3+</sup>), demonstrating the fluorescent probe potential for monitoring Ga<sup>3+</sup> in acidic industrial effluents or biological systems. This work provides a strategy for designing pH-switchable probes for selective metal ion sensing.</p>

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Synthesis and Characterization of Terpyridine Derivatives as Fluorescence Probe for Selective Detection of Ga3+ Ions in Acidic Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月4日

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  • Erfu Huo,
  • Mikhail Atroshko,
  • Ming Feng,
  • Pengfei Yang,
  • Weiqin Cheng,
  • Congcong Zhao,
  • Siyamak Shahab,
  • Yanhua Wang,
  • Nasrin Masnabadi

摘要

A novel fluorescent probe bearing terpyridine unit was successfully synthesized via Kröhnke reaction. Its chemical structure was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy, HR-MS and NMR techniques. The theoretical molecular structure of the synthesized compound in the ground state was optimized by B3LYP/def2SVP level of theory. The fluorescent compound exhibits orange-yellow fluorescence and its optical properties were characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy in DMSO/H2O solution. The conjugated structure, linking donor and acceptor units, displayed a broad and intense absorption band spanning 200 to 400 nm. Theoretical absorption spectra in DMSO/H2O solvent were calculated using the B3LYP/def2SVP method. While the fluorescent compound showed no specific metal ion recognition under neutral pH conditions, it exhibited remarkable selectivity for gallium ions under acidic conditions (pH < 4.0). The binding affinity and fluorescence response of the compound towards Ga3+ were systematically investigated using UV-Vis absorption spectra, fluorescence spectroscopy, and competitive ion experiments. Notably, protonation of the terpyridine moieties under acidic conditions likely enhances Ga3+ coordination while minimizing interference from common coexisting ions (e.g., Al3+, Fe3+), demonstrating the fluorescent probe potential for monitoring Ga3+ in acidic industrial effluents or biological systems. This work provides a strategy for designing pH-switchable probes for selective metal ion sensing.