Surveying Novel Pyrazine Acceptor Materials for Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: Computational Insights into Photovoltaic Performance
摘要
The design of organic electron acceptor materials is fundamental to the development of bulk heterojunction solar cells with outstanding photovoltaic performance. Among these materials, pyrazine-based π-conjugated acceptor electron acceptors have shown significant advances over conventional acceptor materials, offering improved suitability for optoelectronic applications as well as greater cost-effectiveness and stability. This comprehensive theoretical study examines the potential of novel pyrazine derivatives (C1-C5) as acceptor materials in heterojunction solar cells. Time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) and density functional theory (DFT) computation have been employed to examine critical aspects, including analysis of boundary molecular orbitals, density of states, electron and whole-electron reorganization energies, molecular electrostatic potential, global reactivity parameters, and photovoltaic performance. This study examines the impact of acceptor-final variations on the electronic and photovoltaic properties of newly designed materials (C1-C5). The results demonstrate that these materials possess excellent optical properties, a low bandgap, optimum open-circuit voltage and energy levels well aligned with the PTB7-Th donor.