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<p>We report a bithiophene-based fluorescence probe <b>BDT</b> (2,2’-(((1 <i>E</i>, 1’<i>E</i>)-[2,2’-bithiophene]-5,5’-diylbis(methaneylylidene))bis(azaneylylidene))bis(4-(tert-butyl)phenol)) for recognizing ClO<sup>−</sup>. <b>BDT</b> selectively responded to ClO<sup>−</sup>, leading to a blue fluorescence enhancement in a mixture of DMF/HEPES buffer (9:1, v/v). Importantly, <b>BDT</b> showed an ultrafast response (within 1 s) to ClO<sup>−</sup> among the fluorescent turn-on chemosensors based on bithiophene. <b>BDT</b> recognized ClO<sup>−</sup> through cleavage reaction with a low detection limit of 2.16 µM, and it had the ability to sense ClO<sup>−</sup> across a pH range of 3–11. The recognition mechanism for ClO<sup>−</sup> was investigated by <sup>1</sup>H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) titration, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In addition, <b>BDT</b> could be used to detect ClO<sup>−</sup> using test strips as a convenient tool, allowing real-time monitoring rapidly. Practically, <b>BDT</b> exhibited reliable recoveries for quantifying ClO<sup>−</sup> using a smartphone application with a spike-and-recovery method in real water samples such as drinking, tap, mineral, and river water.</p>

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Easy and Fast Detection of Hypochlorite by a Bithiophene-Based Fluorescent Turn-on Sensor and its Applications to Test Strips, Real Water Samples, and Smartphone-Assisted Platform

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月11日

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  • Eunse Kim,
  • Boeun Choi,
  • Soyeon Kim,
  • Jae Jun Lee,
  • Cheal Kim

摘要

We report a bithiophene-based fluorescence probe BDT (2,2’-(((1 E, 1’E)-[2,2’-bithiophene]-5,5’-diylbis(methaneylylidene))bis(azaneylylidene))bis(4-(tert-butyl)phenol)) for recognizing ClO−. BDT selectively responded to ClO−, leading to a blue fluorescence enhancement in a mixture of DMF/HEPES buffer (9:1, v/v). Importantly, BDT showed an ultrafast response (within 1 s) to ClO− among the fluorescent turn-on chemosensors based on bithiophene. BDT recognized ClO− through cleavage reaction with a low detection limit of 2.16 µM, and it had the ability to sense ClO− across a pH range of 3–11. The recognition mechanism for ClO− was investigated by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) titration, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In addition, BDT could be used to detect ClO− using test strips as a convenient tool, allowing real-time monitoring rapidly. Practically, BDT exhibited reliable recoveries for quantifying ClO− using a smartphone application with a spike-and-recovery method in real water samples such as drinking, tap, mineral, and river water.