<p>This study presents a spectroscopic investigation of <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\text {Kr}^{24+}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> ion, generated via a krypton impurity seeding experiment in the Large Helical Device, aimed at supporting Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) diagnostics of high-temperature fusion plasma. EUV spectral lines corresponding to fine-structure transitions among the <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\text {2p}^{6}\text {3s}^{2}\text {,} \, \text {2p}^{6}\text {3s3p,} \, \text {2p}^{6}\text {3s3d,}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\text {2p}^{6}\text {3p}^{2}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> configurations were observed in the 12–25 nm wavelength range. To systematically analyze the measured emission lines, extensive relativistic atomic structure calculations were carried out over a broad configuration space, spanning more than 40 configurations, including core-excited and correlation-dominated states up to <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\text {n}\le {7}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\ell \le {4}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Bound-state wave functions were obtained using the relativistic many-body perturbation theory and configuration interaction method, implemented via the Flexible Atomic Code. Parallel calculations based on the relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock method with configuration interaction were performed using the GRASP-2018 code to ensure numerical consistency. This article presents fine-structure-resolved excitation energies and transition parameters, including oscillator strengths and transition probabilities, for the relevant spectroscopic configurations up to <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(3\ell\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Moreover, electron impact excitation and ionization cross-sections from the ground state (<InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\text {2p}^{6}\text {3s}^{2} \, {}^{1}\text {S}_{0}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) as well as from selected excited states to higher-lying levels were calculated using the relativistic distorted wave method from the respective thresholds over a wide energy range. The corresponding Maxwellian averaged rate coefficients for excitation, de-excitation, ionization, and three-body recombination were evaluated over fusion-relevant electron temperatures. The results are presented for the prominent spectroscopic transitions up to <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(3\ell\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. These complete atomic and electron-collision datasets were incorporated into a suitable collisional-radiative model, accounting for the dominant population and depopulation processes, including electron impact excitation, de-excitation, ionization, radiative decay, and three-body recombination. The theoretically modeled EUV spectrum, calculated at <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\text {n}_\text {e}\text {=5.5}\times \text {10}^\text {19} \, \text {m}^\text {-3}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\text {T}_\text {e}\text {=578} \, \text {eV}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, shows good agreement with experimental observations, validating the accuracy of the calculated atomic structure, and electron-collision parameters. The resulting atomic dataset and modeling framework enable detailed spectral analysis of highly charged <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\text {Kr}^{24+}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> ion under magnetically confined fusion plasma conditions.</p>

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EUV Spectroscopic Analysis of Highly Charged \(\text {Kr}^{24+}\) Ion for Impurity Seeding Studies in Fusion Plasmas via Electron-Impact Excitation and Collisional-Radiative Modeling

  • Shivam Gupta,
  • Tetsutarou Oishi,
  • Motoshi Goto,
  • Tomoko Kawate,
  • Yasuko Kawamoto,
  • Yao-Li Liu,
  • Izumi Murakami

摘要

This study presents a spectroscopic investigation of \(\text {Kr}^{24+}\) ion, generated via a krypton impurity seeding experiment in the Large Helical Device, aimed at supporting Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) diagnostics of high-temperature fusion plasma. EUV spectral lines corresponding to fine-structure transitions among the \(\text {2p}^{6}\text {3s}^{2}\text {,} \, \text {2p}^{6}\text {3s3p,} \, \text {2p}^{6}\text {3s3d,}\) and \(\text {2p}^{6}\text {3p}^{2}\) configurations were observed in the 12–25 nm wavelength range. To systematically analyze the measured emission lines, extensive relativistic atomic structure calculations were carried out over a broad configuration space, spanning more than 40 configurations, including core-excited and correlation-dominated states up to \(\text {n}\le {7}\) and \(\ell \le {4}\) . Bound-state wave functions were obtained using the relativistic many-body perturbation theory and configuration interaction method, implemented via the Flexible Atomic Code. Parallel calculations based on the relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock method with configuration interaction were performed using the GRASP-2018 code to ensure numerical consistency. This article presents fine-structure-resolved excitation energies and transition parameters, including oscillator strengths and transition probabilities, for the relevant spectroscopic configurations up to \(3\ell\) . Moreover, electron impact excitation and ionization cross-sections from the ground state ( \(\text {2p}^{6}\text {3s}^{2} \, {}^{1}\text {S}_{0}\) ) as well as from selected excited states to higher-lying levels were calculated using the relativistic distorted wave method from the respective thresholds over a wide energy range. The corresponding Maxwellian averaged rate coefficients for excitation, de-excitation, ionization, and three-body recombination were evaluated over fusion-relevant electron temperatures. The results are presented for the prominent spectroscopic transitions up to \(3\ell\) . These complete atomic and electron-collision datasets were incorporated into a suitable collisional-radiative model, accounting for the dominant population and depopulation processes, including electron impact excitation, de-excitation, ionization, radiative decay, and three-body recombination. The theoretically modeled EUV spectrum, calculated at \(\text {n}_\text {e}\text {=5.5}\times \text {10}^\text {19} \, \text {m}^\text {-3}\) and \(\text {T}_\text {e}\text {=578} \, \text {eV}\) , shows good agreement with experimental observations, validating the accuracy of the calculated atomic structure, and electron-collision parameters. The resulting atomic dataset and modeling framework enable detailed spectral analysis of highly charged \(\text {Kr}^{24+}\) ion under magnetically confined fusion plasma conditions.