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<p>In this study, a 2D magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid flow over a circular stretched cylinder in a non-Darcy porous regime is considered. Here, silver and alumina are taken as nanoparticles and water as a conventional fluid. The influences of nonuniform heat sources and energy activation are considered. The dimensional equations are transformed to a dimension-free form by some suitable similarity transformations. The MATLAB bvp4c method is used to examine the flow behavior of velocity, concentration, and temperature and other various physical factors in the flow. Observation reveals that magnetic and porous parameters lower the fluid velocity. The heat source effect amplifies the fluid temperature. Moreover, the concentration layer reduces the chemical reaction and Schmidt number. Also, the behavior of skin friction, surface temperature, and mass transport rate are analyzed at different flow parameters.</p>

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Magnetohydrodynamic Flow of Alumina–Silver Hybrid Nanofluids in a Non-Darcy Porous Regime with a Nonuniform Heat Source and Energy Activation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • Utpal Jyoti Das,
  • Indushri Patgiri

摘要

In this study, a 2D magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid flow over a circular stretched cylinder in a non-Darcy porous regime is considered. Here, silver and alumina are taken as nanoparticles and water as a conventional fluid. The influences of nonuniform heat sources and energy activation are considered. The dimensional equations are transformed to a dimension-free form by some suitable similarity transformations. The MATLAB bvp4c method is used to examine the flow behavior of velocity, concentration, and temperature and other various physical factors in the flow. Observation reveals that magnetic and porous parameters lower the fluid velocity. The heat source effect amplifies the fluid temperature. Moreover, the concentration layer reduces the chemical reaction and Schmidt number. Also, the behavior of skin friction, surface temperature, and mass transport rate are analyzed at different flow parameters.