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<p>This study is focused on bioconvective magnetohydrodynamic flow of Williamson fluid across a stretched sheet containing gyrotactic motile microorganisms. This study examines the behavior of a nonuniform heat source, energy activation, thermal radiation, temperature-dependent viscosity, and thermal conductivity in different flow boundary layers. With the help of appropriate similarity variables, the governing equations are transformed to nondimensional form. The transformed equations are calculated numerically by utilizing MATLAB bvp4c. The impact of several physical parameters on the profile of density motile microorganisms, velocity, concentration, temperature, heat transport rate, skin friction, mass transfer rate, and density number are visualized graphically. The viscosity and Williamson fluid parameters slow down the fluid velocity. The temperature profile is reduced by growing the thermal conductivity parameter. The Schmidt number reduces fluid concentration and motile microorganism’s density. The magnetic parameter enhances skin friction and mass transfer rate, while an opposite result is perceived for the rate of heat transport and density number. This kind of problem is useful in engineering and industry, like processing of food, blood cells, printing via inkjet, among others.</p>

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Bioconvective Williamson Magneto-Nanofluid Flow over an Exponentially Stretched Surface Including Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity Variation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月1日

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  • Utpal Jyoti Das,
  • Indushri Patgiri

摘要

This study is focused on bioconvective magnetohydrodynamic flow of Williamson fluid across a stretched sheet containing gyrotactic motile microorganisms. This study examines the behavior of a nonuniform heat source, energy activation, thermal radiation, temperature-dependent viscosity, and thermal conductivity in different flow boundary layers. With the help of appropriate similarity variables, the governing equations are transformed to nondimensional form. The transformed equations are calculated numerically by utilizing MATLAB bvp4c. The impact of several physical parameters on the profile of density motile microorganisms, velocity, concentration, temperature, heat transport rate, skin friction, mass transfer rate, and density number are visualized graphically. The viscosity and Williamson fluid parameters slow down the fluid velocity. The temperature profile is reduced by growing the thermal conductivity parameter. The Schmidt number reduces fluid concentration and motile microorganism’s density. The magnetic parameter enhances skin friction and mass transfer rate, while an opposite result is perceived for the rate of heat transport and density number. This kind of problem is useful in engineering and industry, like processing of food, blood cells, printing via inkjet, among others.