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<p>Some family members of autistic children exhibit subclinical levels of social impairments and stereotyped behaviors without meeting the diagnostic criteria for ASD-a presentation known as the broader autism phenotype (BAP). From a family systems perspective, this article systematically reviews the genetic basis, behavioral features of BAP, and its reciprocal influences within the family. Findings indicate that BAP is closely associated with ASD-related genetic variants and demonstrates complex transmission patterns within families. In marital relationships, BAP traits may affect the quality of couple interactions, and assortative mating may contribute to the formation of “dual-BAP families”. In parent-child interactions, parental BAP characteristics influence offspring development through parenting styles and interaction patterns, while child characteristics also reciprocally shape parental mental health. Among siblings, BAP may affect the social functioning and interaction quality of typically developing brothers and sisters. Current research relies largely on cross-sectional data and Western samples. Future studies should adopt longitudinal and cross-cultural designs and promote the establishment of family-centered support systems to enhance the overall adaptability of families affected by ASD.</p>

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Expansion of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Characteristics of Broader Autism Phenotype and its Relationship with Family Members

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Fu Qiang Qiao,
  • Xiao Ying Zhou,
  • Huan Dong Zhang

摘要

Some family members of autistic children exhibit subclinical levels of social impairments and stereotyped behaviors without meeting the diagnostic criteria for ASD-a presentation known as the broader autism phenotype (BAP). From a family systems perspective, this article systematically reviews the genetic basis, behavioral features of BAP, and its reciprocal influences within the family. Findings indicate that BAP is closely associated with ASD-related genetic variants and demonstrates complex transmission patterns within families. In marital relationships, BAP traits may affect the quality of couple interactions, and assortative mating may contribute to the formation of “dual-BAP families”. In parent-child interactions, parental BAP characteristics influence offspring development through parenting styles and interaction patterns, while child characteristics also reciprocally shape parental mental health. Among siblings, BAP may affect the social functioning and interaction quality of typically developing brothers and sisters. Current research relies largely on cross-sectional data and Western samples. Future studies should adopt longitudinal and cross-cultural designs and promote the establishment of family-centered support systems to enhance the overall adaptability of families affected by ASD.