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<p>The common factors hypothesis as an explanation for the equivalent therapy outcome paradox has stimulated numerous empirical and theoretical studies. However, the existing common factors models (e.g., the contextual model) have hardly succeeded in convincingly linking the quite different common factors and at the same time considering their different conceptualization as technique (e.g., exposure) or process (e.g., expectations). We attempt to overcome these limitations by showing how common factors can be explained and linked against the background of the well-known self-determination theory (SDT). In particular, we will show how common factors can be integrated in the context of SDT concepts of basic psychological needs satisfaction (autonomy, relatedness and competence) and integration of experiences and extrinsic regulations into a unified sense of self. We will argue that repeatedly proposed common factors (e.g., awareness/insight, emotion/behavior regulation, positive expectations/hope, social belonging) can be understood as processes of either autonomy, competence or relatedness need satisfaction and autonomous regulation that lead to positive patient outcomes. Furthermore, we will show how common factors that are techniques rather than change processes (e.g., alliance building) can trigger the common change processes that reflect basic need satisfaction and autonomous regulation.</p>

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Determining What is Common: A Theoretical Account of Common Factors in Psychotherapy through the Lens of Self-Determination Theory

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月10日

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  • Franziska Baier-Mosch,
  • Gerald Marc Weiher,
  • Schahryar Kananian

摘要

The common factors hypothesis as an explanation for the equivalent therapy outcome paradox has stimulated numerous empirical and theoretical studies. However, the existing common factors models (e.g., the contextual model) have hardly succeeded in convincingly linking the quite different common factors and at the same time considering their different conceptualization as technique (e.g., exposure) or process (e.g., expectations). We attempt to overcome these limitations by showing how common factors can be explained and linked against the background of the well-known self-determination theory (SDT). In particular, we will show how common factors can be integrated in the context of SDT concepts of basic psychological needs satisfaction (autonomy, relatedness and competence) and integration of experiences and extrinsic regulations into a unified sense of self. We will argue that repeatedly proposed common factors (e.g., awareness/insight, emotion/behavior regulation, positive expectations/hope, social belonging) can be understood as processes of either autonomy, competence or relatedness need satisfaction and autonomous regulation that lead to positive patient outcomes. Furthermore, we will show how common factors that are techniques rather than change processes (e.g., alliance building) can trigger the common change processes that reflect basic need satisfaction and autonomous regulation.