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<p>Electrochemical sensing offers a rapid and sensitive approach for detecting key biomarkers. We report the synthesis of a chemically engineered reduced graphene oxide-polythiophene (rGO-PTh) heterostructure in a modified swollen liquid crystalline lamellar mesophase (MSLCLM), for electrochemical detection of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) simultaneously. The MSLCLM, composed of cetylpyridinium chloride (CpCl) surfactants, was optimized with water, cyclohexane, and 1-pentanol to facilitate nanostructure composite formation. The rGO–PTh heterostructure, when drop-cast onto a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE), exhibited well-defined and distinct oxidation peaks for dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) at 327 mV and 449 mV, respectively, enabling interference-free detection. The sensor showed a linear response toward DA in the concentration range of 0.013–0.117 µM with a correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.006 µM. For UA, a linear range of 0.017–0.215 µM was obtained with an LOD of 0.010 µM (S/<i>N</i> = 3). Under simultaneous detection conditions, the sensor achieved LODs of 0.005 µM for DA and 0.013 µM for UA, with corresponding sensitivities of 105.62 and 3.51&#xa0;A L mol<sup>− 1</sup> cm<sup>− 2</sup>, respectively. The sensor exhibited excellent stability, retaining 90–100% of its response after one month. These findings highlight the rGO-PTh/SPCE system as a promising platform for clinical diagnostics and healthcare monitoring.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Chemically Engineered 2D Reduced Graphene Oxide-Polythiophene Heterostructure for Simultaneous Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine and Uric Acid

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月18日

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  • Anita K. Tawade,
  • Shivaji N. Tayade,
  • Pallavi B. Jagdale,
  • Praveen Kumar,
  • Kiran Kumar K. Sharma

摘要

Electrochemical sensing offers a rapid and sensitive approach for detecting key biomarkers. We report the synthesis of a chemically engineered reduced graphene oxide-polythiophene (rGO-PTh) heterostructure in a modified swollen liquid crystalline lamellar mesophase (MSLCLM), for electrochemical detection of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) simultaneously. The MSLCLM, composed of cetylpyridinium chloride (CpCl) surfactants, was optimized with water, cyclohexane, and 1-pentanol to facilitate nanostructure composite formation. The rGO–PTh heterostructure, when drop-cast onto a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE), exhibited well-defined and distinct oxidation peaks for dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) at 327 mV and 449 mV, respectively, enabling interference-free detection. The sensor showed a linear response toward DA in the concentration range of 0.013–0.117 µM with a correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.99) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.006 µM. For UA, a linear range of 0.017–0.215 µM was obtained with an LOD of 0.010 µM (S/N = 3). Under simultaneous detection conditions, the sensor achieved LODs of 0.005 µM for DA and 0.013 µM for UA, with corresponding sensitivities of 105.62 and 3.51 A L mol− 1 cm− 2, respectively. The sensor exhibited excellent stability, retaining 90–100% of its response after one month. These findings highlight the rGO-PTh/SPCE system as a promising platform for clinical diagnostics and healthcare monitoring.

Graphical Abstract