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<p>The convergence of sustainable chemistry and nanotechnology offers transformative potential for addressing challenges in both healthcare and environmental remediation. In this study, we report a phytochemical-directed green synthesis of Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Dots (CdS-QDs) using <i>Capsicum annuum</i> (red chili, CdS-RC) and <i>Piper nigrum</i> (black pepper, CdS-BP) extracts as distinct biogenic capping systems. This one-pot, ambient-temperature approach enables the formation of ultra-small, polydispersed QDs (2–8&#xa0;nm), as confirmed by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD), indicating crystalline structure and quantum confinement. Optical analysis reveals direct band gaps of 2.97&#xa0;eV (CdS-RC) and 2.92&#xa0;eV (CdS-BP), supporting visible-light activity. The phytochemical-functionalized QDs exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, strong antioxidant behavior, and excellent hemocompatibility (&lt; 5% hemolysis), along with significant in vitro anticancer activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells (IC₅₀ ≈ 50 µM), comparable to cisplatin (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Importantly, the same surface-functionalized nanostructures demonstrate enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under natural sunlight. This dual performance is governed by phytochemical-mediated surface engineering, which modulates both biological interactions and charge transfer processes. Overall, this work establishes a comparative, spice-derived CdS QD platform, where distinct phytochemical environments dictate structure-property-function relationships, enabling simultaneous exploration of biomedical and environmental applications through a unified material design strategy.</p> Graphical Abstract <p> Mechanism of Anticancer and Photocatalytic degradation using spices modified CdS QDs</p> <p></p>

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Phytochemical-Assisted Green Synthesis of CdS Quantum Dots for Dual Anticancer and Photocatalytic Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Komal V. R. Jarhad,
  • Aniket A. Pawanoji,
  • Pranali S. Parab,
  • Amol S. Pawar

摘要

The convergence of sustainable chemistry and nanotechnology offers transformative potential for addressing challenges in both healthcare and environmental remediation. In this study, we report a phytochemical-directed green synthesis of Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Dots (CdS-QDs) using Capsicum annuum (red chili, CdS-RC) and Piper nigrum (black pepper, CdS-BP) extracts as distinct biogenic capping systems. This one-pot, ambient-temperature approach enables the formation of ultra-small, polydispersed QDs (2–8 nm), as confirmed by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD), indicating crystalline structure and quantum confinement. Optical analysis reveals direct band gaps of 2.97 eV (CdS-RC) and 2.92 eV (CdS-BP), supporting visible-light activity. The phytochemical-functionalized QDs exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, strong antioxidant behavior, and excellent hemocompatibility (< 5% hemolysis), along with significant in vitro anticancer activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells (IC₅₀ ≈ 50 µM), comparable to cisplatin (p > 0.05). Importantly, the same surface-functionalized nanostructures demonstrate enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under natural sunlight. This dual performance is governed by phytochemical-mediated surface engineering, which modulates both biological interactions and charge transfer processes. Overall, this work establishes a comparative, spice-derived CdS QD platform, where distinct phytochemical environments dictate structure-property-function relationships, enabling simultaneous exploration of biomedical and environmental applications through a unified material design strategy.

Graphical Abstract

Mechanism of Anticancer and Photocatalytic degradation using spices modified CdS QDs