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<p>The escalating pollution of aquatic ecosystems by pharmaceutical pollutants, notably acetaminophen (ACE), necessitates the advancement of sophisticated and effective remediation technologies. This study presents a direct Z-scheme TiO<sub>2</sub>/CdS photocatalyst supported on hierarchical fibrous HY zeolite (TiO<sub>2</sub>/CdS/FHY), synthesised via controlled electrolysis in a deep eutectic solvent followed by ultrasonic probe-assisted impregnation. The unique hierarchical fibrous HY-zeolite scaffold, characterized by an inherent meso–macroporous framework (81.5 m<sup>2</sup>/g) and demonstrated strong Ti–O–Si interfacial bonding, significantly enhanced nanostructure dispersion, facilitated charge separation, and suppressed electron-hole recombination, as evidenced by quenched photoluminescence. Optical characterization via UV–vis DRS revealed a red shift to 590&#xa0;nm and a narrowed bandgap of 2.24&#xa0;eV, enabling efficient visible-light harvesting. Under optimal conditions (10 wt% TiO<sub>2</sub> loading, pH 5, 1.5&#xa0;g/L catalyst dosage, 10&#xa0;mg/L ACE concentration), TiO<sub>2</sub>/CdS/FHY achieved 86.4% ACE-degradation efficiency and retained &gt; 79% activity over five cycles, with FTIR confirming structural stability. Quenching and band-edge analyses identified (e<sup>–</sup>/·O<sub>2</sub><sup>–</sup>) and (·OH) radicals as the dominant oxidative species, corroborating a direct Z-scheme charge transfer pathway. This research highlights the significant potential of hierarchical fibrous HY zeolite supported TiO<sub>2</sub>/CdS nanostructures as an advanced support material for efficient photocatalytic degradation of emerging pharmaceutical contaminants. </p>

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Hierarchical Fibrous HY Zeolite-Supported TiO2/CdS for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Acetaminophen (ACE)

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月9日

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  • N. S. Kamarudin,
  • M. N. Arifin,
  • R. Jusoh

摘要

The escalating pollution of aquatic ecosystems by pharmaceutical pollutants, notably acetaminophen (ACE), necessitates the advancement of sophisticated and effective remediation technologies. This study presents a direct Z-scheme TiO2/CdS photocatalyst supported on hierarchical fibrous HY zeolite (TiO2/CdS/FHY), synthesised via controlled electrolysis in a deep eutectic solvent followed by ultrasonic probe-assisted impregnation. The unique hierarchical fibrous HY-zeolite scaffold, characterized by an inherent meso–macroporous framework (81.5 m2/g) and demonstrated strong Ti–O–Si interfacial bonding, significantly enhanced nanostructure dispersion, facilitated charge separation, and suppressed electron-hole recombination, as evidenced by quenched photoluminescence. Optical characterization via UV–vis DRS revealed a red shift to 590 nm and a narrowed bandgap of 2.24 eV, enabling efficient visible-light harvesting. Under optimal conditions (10 wt% TiO2 loading, pH 5, 1.5 g/L catalyst dosage, 10 mg/L ACE concentration), TiO2/CdS/FHY achieved 86.4% ACE-degradation efficiency and retained > 79% activity over five cycles, with FTIR confirming structural stability. Quenching and band-edge analyses identified (e–/·O2–) and (·OH) radicals as the dominant oxidative species, corroborating a direct Z-scheme charge transfer pathway. This research highlights the significant potential of hierarchical fibrous HY zeolite supported TiO2/CdS nanostructures as an advanced support material for efficient photocatalytic degradation of emerging pharmaceutical contaminants.