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<p>Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy worldwide, with challenges in drug resistance and metastasis. To address these challenges, this study aims to synthesize selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using <i>Ziziphora tenuior</i> L. extract via a green synthesis approach and evaluate their physicochemical and anticancer properties. SeNPs were synthesized by reducing sodium selenite with ascorbic acid in the presence of a plant extract as a stabilizer, followed by drying and calcination. Characterization was performed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential analysis. Results confirmed the formation of spherical SeNPs with an average size of 14 ± 2&#xa0;nm, a hydrodynamic diameter of 130 ± 32&#xa0;nm, and a zeta potential of -6.2 ± 1.2 mV. Cytotoxicity assays revealed selective toxicity of SeNPs toward SW620 colorectal cancer cells (<i>IC</i><sub><i>50</i></sub>: 46.91&#xa0;µg/mL at 24&#xa0;h, 17.38&#xa0;µg/mL at 48&#xa0;h) compared to normal HFF cells (<i>IC</i><sub><i>50</i></sub>: 89.06&#xa0;µg/mL at 24&#xa0;h). SeNPs induced dose-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, G2/M cell cycle arrest, and late apoptosis in SW620 cells, accompanied by upregulated Bax/Bcl-2 and p53 mRNA expression. In conclusion, green-synthesized SeNPs using <i>Ziziphora tenuior</i> L. extract display promising anticancer potential and biocompatibility, supporting their further development as candidates for colorectal cancer therapy.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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In Vitro Anti-Colorectal Cancer Activity of Green-Synthesized Selenium Nanoparticles Using Ziziphora Tenuior L. Extract

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月9日

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  • Arash Soltani,
  • Anvar Soleimani,
  • Seyedeh Mozhdeh Mirzaei,
  • Laleh Soltani,
  • Mohammad Jalili-Nik

摘要

Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy worldwide, with challenges in drug resistance and metastasis. To address these challenges, this study aims to synthesize selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using Ziziphora tenuior L. extract via a green synthesis approach and evaluate their physicochemical and anticancer properties. SeNPs were synthesized by reducing sodium selenite with ascorbic acid in the presence of a plant extract as a stabilizer, followed by drying and calcination. Characterization was performed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential analysis. Results confirmed the formation of spherical SeNPs with an average size of 14 ± 2 nm, a hydrodynamic diameter of 130 ± 32 nm, and a zeta potential of -6.2 ± 1.2 mV. Cytotoxicity assays revealed selective toxicity of SeNPs toward SW620 colorectal cancer cells (IC50: 46.91 µg/mL at 24 h, 17.38 µg/mL at 48 h) compared to normal HFF cells (IC50: 89.06 µg/mL at 24 h). SeNPs induced dose-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, G2/M cell cycle arrest, and late apoptosis in SW620 cells, accompanied by upregulated Bax/Bcl-2 and p53 mRNA expression. In conclusion, green-synthesized SeNPs using Ziziphora tenuior L. extract display promising anticancer potential and biocompatibility, supporting their further development as candidates for colorectal cancer therapy.

Graphical Abstract