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<p>The remediation of pharmaceutical-contaminated water bodies is imperative for environmental and public health protection. In this study, a green, one-step in-situ synthesis of Ag@SnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite was achieved using <i>Dryopteris cristata</i> leaf extract as bio-reductant and stabilizer. Comprehensive characterization using XRD, PL, FT-IR, UV-Vis., SEM-EDX, TEM-SAED, and BET confirmed the successful incorporation of Ag nanoparticles into the SnO<sub>2</sub> matrix, narrowing the bandgap from 3.16&#xa0;eV (pure SnO<sub>2</sub>) to 2.99&#xa0;eV and enhancing separation of photogenerated electron-hole (e<sup>−</sup>/h<sup>+</sup>) pairs, contributing to superior photocatalytic performance under visible light. The photocatalyst demonstrated excellent visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation efficiency of naproxen (NPX) (96.85 ± 1.37% in 40&#xa0;min) via an H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-assisted photo-Fenton-like mechanism, following pseudo-first-order kinetics (<i>k</i> = 0.0946&#xa0;min<sup>− 1</sup>). The high quantum yield (6.53 × 10<sup>− 2</sup> molecule photon<sup>− 1</sup>) and figure of merit (1.67 × 10<sup>− 1</sup>) showed the photocatalytic efficiency and energy utilization. The catalyst demonstrated broad efficacy against various pharmaceutical contaminants and maintained robust performance under different conditions and competing inorganic ions. Mechanistic studies, including radical scavenging and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, identified key reactive oxygen species (ROS) and degradation intermediates, while chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) reductions confirmed significant mineralization. This cost-effective, eco-friendly photocatalyst offers high visible-light responsiveness, low catalyst dosage requirements, and excellent reusability up to five cycles, presenting a viable solution for the efficient removal of emerging contaminants from wastewater, contributing toward water sustainability goals.</p>

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Visible-Light Induced Photo-Fenton-Like Degradation of Pharmaceuticals Via Advanced Oxidation Process Using Ag@SnO2 Nanocomposite Fabricated Via a Green in-Situ Strategy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月30日

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  • Biswajyoti Hazarika,
  • Biplop Jyoti Hazarika,
  • Md. Juned K. Ahmed

摘要

The remediation of pharmaceutical-contaminated water bodies is imperative for environmental and public health protection. In this study, a green, one-step in-situ synthesis of Ag@SnO2 nanocomposite was achieved using Dryopteris cristata leaf extract as bio-reductant and stabilizer. Comprehensive characterization using XRD, PL, FT-IR, UV-Vis., SEM-EDX, TEM-SAED, and BET confirmed the successful incorporation of Ag nanoparticles into the SnO2 matrix, narrowing the bandgap from 3.16 eV (pure SnO2) to 2.99 eV and enhancing separation of photogenerated electron-hole (e−/h+) pairs, contributing to superior photocatalytic performance under visible light. The photocatalyst demonstrated excellent visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation efficiency of naproxen (NPX) (96.85 ± 1.37% in 40 min) via an H2O2-assisted photo-Fenton-like mechanism, following pseudo-first-order kinetics (k = 0.0946 min− 1). The high quantum yield (6.53 × 10− 2 molecule photon− 1) and figure of merit (1.67 × 10− 1) showed the photocatalytic efficiency and energy utilization. The catalyst demonstrated broad efficacy against various pharmaceutical contaminants and maintained robust performance under different conditions and competing inorganic ions. Mechanistic studies, including radical scavenging and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, identified key reactive oxygen species (ROS) and degradation intermediates, while chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) reductions confirmed significant mineralization. This cost-effective, eco-friendly photocatalyst offers high visible-light responsiveness, low catalyst dosage requirements, and excellent reusability up to five cycles, presenting a viable solution for the efficient removal of emerging contaminants from wastewater, contributing toward water sustainability goals.